From the first days of life, when developing cultural and hygienic skills, there is not just the assimilation of rules and norms of cultural behavior, but an extremely important process of socialization, the child’s entry into the world of adults. Cultural and hygienic skills are important component culture of behavior. The need for neatness, keeping the face, body, hairstyle, clothes, shoes clean, is dictated not only by hygiene requirements, but also by the norms of human relations.

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Formation of cultural and hygienic skills in children preschool age

Consultation for parents on developing cultural and hygienic skills in preschoolers.

From the first days of life, when developing cultural and hygienic skills, there is not just the assimilation of rules and norms of cultural behavior, but an extremely important process of socialization, the child’s entry into the world of adults. Cultural and hygienic skills are an important part of a culture of behavior. The need for neatness, keeping the face, body, hairstyle, clothes, shoes clean, is dictated not only by hygiene requirements, but also by the norms of human relations. Children should understand that following these rules shows respect for others, that it is unpleasant for anyone to touch a dirty hand or look at unkempt clothes. A sloppy person who does not know how to take care of himself, his appearance, and actions is, as a rule, careless in his work.

Hygienic education and training are inextricably linked with the education of cultural behavior. From the early age, children are taught to sit correctly at the table while eating, to eat carefully, to chew food thoroughly and silently, to be able to use cutlery and a napkin; teach what, what and how to eat; introduce different types of cookware(tea room, dining room); they teach how to set the table, draw attention to a given pattern of correct communication during meals (talk in a low voice, in a friendly tone, do not speak with your mouth full, respect the requests and desires of children, pay attention to the beauty of a properly set table, causing a reciprocal emotional response.

Education of cultural and hygienic skills includes a wide range of tasks:

Develop cultural and hygienic skills, form the simplest skills of behavior while eating and washing.

Form the habit of looking after your appearance, the ability to properly use soap, wash your hands and face; Wipe yourself dry after washing, hang the towel back, use a comb and a handkerchief.

Develop table behavior skills: use a spoon and napkin correctly; do not crumble bread, chew food with your mouth closed, do not talk at the table, do not talk with your mouth full.

To form initial ideas about the value of health, that health begins with the cleanliness of the body, that cleanliness, beauty, and health are inseparable concepts.

To develop the need for hygiene and neatness in Everyday life.

Involve parents in maintaining and developing personal hygiene skills at home.

Enrich the subject-developmental environment of the group.

To successfully solve these problems, it is recommended to use a number of pedagogical techniques, taking into account the age of children: direct teaching, demonstration, exercises with performing actions in the process didactic games ("Let's feed the doll Masha", “Let’s bathe the doll Masha”, “Let’s teach the bear to wash itself”, "Let's teach Bunny how to hold a spoon correctly"); systematically reminding children of the need to observe hygiene rules and gradually increasing the requirements for them.

IN younger age the necessary skills are best acquired by children in games with specially targeted content, however, for more successful formation and consolidation of hygiene skills throughout the period preschool childhood It is advisable to combine verbal and visual methods, using special sets of materials on hygiene education in kindergarten, a variety of plot pictures, and symbols.

The formation of cultural and hygienic skills is the first step in developing a culture of behavior. Work on developing cultural and hygienic skills in children is carried out in two ways: directions : working with children and working with parents.

First of all, to develop cultural and hygienic skills in children, it is necessary to:

1) Ensure that the child constantly, without any exceptions, follows the established hygiene rules. Their meaning is explained to him. But it is equally important to help the child, especially at first, correctly learn the required skill. So, for example, before you start washing your hands, you need to roll up your sleeves and soap your hands well. After washing your hands, rinse off the soap thoroughly, take your towel, and wipe your hands dry;

2) You should not rush your child if he is concentrating on repeating the same action(for example, washing hands). Moreover, you should not perform this action for him. When mastering a skill, a child usually strives to perform a certain movement repeatedly. Gradually, he learns to cope with the task more independently and quickly. The adult only reminds or asks if the child has forgotten to do this or that, and then gives him almost complete independence. But you have to check whether the child did everything correctly throughout the entire preschool age;

3) In preschool age, children should learn that they should wash their hands before eating, after using the restroom, upon returning from a walk, playing with animals, and whenever they are dirty. Children who are on duty in the dining room need not only to be able to properly set the table and place the dishes, but also to firmly understand that, before starting to perform their duties, they must thoroughly wash their hands with soap, put themselves in order, and comb their hair.

4) Personal hygiene skills that a child must learn in preschool age include oral care. From the age of three, a child should be taught to rinse his mouth, from the age of four - to brush his teeth properly(from top to bottom - up, from outside and inside) before bedtime. In the morning after sleep, it is enough to rinse your mouth. You should rinse your mouth with warm water after eating;

5) Strengthen the ability to use a comb and handkerchief. Children should be taught to turn away when coughing or sneezing and to cover their mouth with a handkerchief;

6) Improve the skills of careful eating: take food little by little, chew well, eat silently, use cutlery correctly (spoon, fork, knife, napkin, do not talk while eating.

The main conditions for the successful formation of cultural and hygienic skills in children include a rationally organized environment, a clear daily routine and adult guidance.

A rationally organized environment means the presence of a clean, sufficiently spacious room with the necessary equipment to ensure all routine elements (washing, eating, sleeping, direct educational activities and games).

For children special meaning has constancy of conditions, knowledge of the purpose and place of every thing he needs during the day. For example, the washroom should have a sufficient number of small sinks, each with soap on it; sinks and towels are placed taking into account the height of children; on the hanger above each towel there is a picture at a younger age and a geometric figure at a middle age. This increases children's interest in washing and consolidating their knowledge of geometric shapes.

The daily routine ensures daily repetition of hygiene procedures at the same time, which contributes to the gradual formation of skills and habits of a culture of behavior. Their strengthening occurs in games, work, directly educational activities, at home.

The formation of cultural and hygienic skills is carried out under the guidance of adults - parents, educators. Therefore, complete consistency in requirements must be ensured preschool and families.

To teach a child to eat culturally, children are taught to master a number of actions carried out in a certain sequence (sit correctly at the table, not talk, chew food with a closed mouth, use eating utensils, a napkin, etc.). To gradually develop the required skills, children are trained to perform the same actions under constant supervision.

As they are mastered, cultural and hygienic skills are generalized, separated from the corresponding subject and transferred to a playful, imaginary situation ("Mishka has dirty paws", “Doll Masha caught a cold”, thereby influencing the formation of a new type of game activity.

In creative play ("Family" , "Salon") children reflect the relationships that develop during everyday processes. The child treats the doll the way parents treat him in appropriate situations. In the game, children imitate everyday actions (washing hands, eating, thereby reinforcing actions with household objects (spoon, cup, etc., and also reflect the rules that lie behind the implementation of cultural and hygienic skills: the doll’s clothes must be carefully folded, dishes arrange beautifully on the table.

Cultural and hygienic skills are associated not only with play. They underlie the first type of work activity available to a child – self-care work. Self-service is characterized by the fact that the child’s actions do not have a social motive, they are aimed at himself. Mastering cultural and hygienic skills affects not only play and labor activity, but also on the child’s relationships with adults and peers.

In the process of everyday work with children, it is necessary to strive to ensure that following the rules of personal hygiene becomes natural for them, and that hygiene skills are constantly improved with age. Hygienic education and training are inextricably linked with the education of cultural behavior. All information on hygiene is instilled in children in everyday life in the process of various types of activities and recreation, i.e. in each component of the regime one can find a favorable moment for hygienic education.

For effective hygienic education of preschoolers, the appearance of others and adults is of great importance. We must constantly remember that children are observant and prone to imitation, so the teacher must be a model for them.

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Consultation for parents

“Education of cultural and hygienic skills in children”

It is in preschool age that it is very important to instill in a child the habit of cleanliness, neatness, and order. During these years, children can master all the basic cultural and hygienic skills, learn to understand their importance, and perform them easily, quickly and correctly. Special attention should be given to children under five years of age, for whom “independent” washing and dressing usually brings great pleasure. Children of senior preschool age, 5-7 years old, should improve already acquired skills and monitor their strict and correct implementation. Skills firmly established in preschool age will last a lifetime. When developing cultural and hygienic skills, the example of others is of great importance. If adults take a shower after morning exercises, then the child considers it natural that it is obligatory. In a family where parents and older brothers and sisters will not sit down at the table without first washing their hands, this becomes a law for the child. But the general correct way of life in the family does not guarantee that the child will master all the skills available to him. Special attention must be paid to their upbringing. First of all, it is necessary to ensure that the child constantly, without any exceptions, follows the established hygiene rules. Their meaning is explained to him. But it is equally important to help the child, especially at first, correctly learn an important skill. So, for example, before you start washing your hands, you need to roll up your sleeves and soap your hands well. After washing your hands, rinse off the soap thoroughly, take your towel, and dry your hands. You should not rush your child if he is concentrating on repeating the same action (for example, washing his hands). Moreover, you should not perform this action for him. When mastering a skill, a child usually strives to perform a certain movement repeatedly. Gradually he will learn to independently and quickly cope with the task. The adult only reminds or asks if their child has forgotten to do this or that, and then gives him almost complete independence. But he has to check whether he did everything correctly throughout preschool age. Well-formed skills are performed by the child easily and quickly, on his own initiative, without reminders. If he forgets about any of them, for example, runs and sits down at the table without washing his hands, then the slightest hint, a reminder, is enough for him (even somewhat embarrassed) to correct his mistake. But if a child has not developed the appropriate skills, then performing them requires a lot of effort from him. Often unpleasant “negotiations” arise for both the parents and him: “Seryozha, you forgot to wash your hands.” - “They are clean.” - “You still need to wash them before eating.” - “I washed them recently”... And Thus, in preschool age, children should and can independently learn that they need to wash their hands before eating, after using the restroom, upon returning from a walk, playing with animals, and whenever they are dirty. Feet should be washed not only before sleep at night, but also before sleep during the day, especially in summer. Personal hygiene skills that a child should learn in preschool include oral care. From the age of three, a child should be able to rinse his mouth; from the age of four, he should be able to brush his teeth correctly. You should rinse your mouth with warm water after eating.

Does your child always have a handkerchief in his pocket? Does he know how to notice problems in clothes: a shoelace has come undone, a button has come undone, a T-shirt has come out of his shorts – and correct them immediately? Does he wipe his feet when entering a room? Children are characterized by a keen interest in their surroundings, activity, emotionality, and the desire for independence - all this creates favorable conditions for the development of cultural and hygienic skills, which are very important for the development of children. It must be remembered that cultural - hygienic skills - important condition to maintain health, since observing the rules of personal hygiene protects against infectious diseases. Cultural and hygienic skills contribute to the development of speech, psychological functions such as attention and will develop and gain strength and stability.

Mastering the basics of hygienic culture

Washing – teach how to wash your hands independently when they become dirty, after a walk, after using the restroom, and before eating. Follow the sequence of actions, roll up your sleeves, soap your hands until foam forms, scoop up the required amount of water into your palms, wash your face with both hands, wash your hands up to the elbows with soap, learn to wash your neck and ears, do not shake the water off your hands, wipe your face and hands dry. Know your towel and use it correctly.

Table manners- skillfully use a spoon and fork. Eat on your own, do not spill food. At the common table, do not disturb other children and do not use their utensils. Learn to chew food with your mouth closed, eat only at the table, and do not hit the plate with a spoon. Use a napkin in a timely manner, after eating, put a spoon and fork on the plate. Respond to an adult’s requests to help set the table or remove certain cutlery from the table; while eating, do not be distracted by playing, reading books, or talking; during a meal, teach to think only about tasty and healthy food that the child enjoys. this moment There is. After eating, say “thank you.” When getting up from the table, check your place to see if it is clean enough, and if necessary, clean it yourself.

When instilling in children the habit of eating different foods, adults should be patient, as positive attitude It takes a very long time for children to develop an appreciation for food, especially if the family and kindergarten do not have common views on this matter.

Dressing – dress and undress independently in the correct sequence. Wear clothes and shoes correctly. Politely and with the right request (help, please, not like this: I need...) turn to an adult for help if necessary. Know your locker and the order in which you put clothes in your locker. Keep the locker clean and tidy. Recognize your things and not confuse them with the clothes of other children.

Caring for things and toys– Learn to put yourself in order. To develop the skill of using individual items (handkerchief, napkin, towel, comb), caring for toys and things, and using them for their intended purpose. Participate with adults in caring for things: help mom, fold your clothes neatly, rinse handkerchiefs, wash toys, put toys back in place after playing, etc.

Mastering cultural and hygienic skills leads to independence, which forms a positive attitude towards the educational processes.

Formation of self-service in children leads to positive result to satisfy personal needs.

MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 59 "Friendship"

Naberezhnye Chelny RT

Tasks

on formation

cultural and hygienic skills taking into account age standards

Consultation for educators

Education of cultural and hygienic skills in preschool children

Skill - an automated component of conscious action that arises as a result of repeated repetition. In other words, the skill does not immediately become automated, but develops as a result of repeated repetitions. What skills and habits should you develop first?

There are three main categories:hygiene skills (eating, washing and washing hands, using the potty, etc.);behavioral skills (formation of a positive attitude towards surrounding adults and children);basic self-care skills (feasible independence).

Formation of cultural and hygienic skills. Cultural and hygienic skills are an important part of a culture of behavior. The need for neatness, keeping the face, hands, body, clothes, shoes clean is dictated not only by hygiene requirements, but also by the norms of human relations. Teachers and parents must constantly remember that the skills instilled in childhood, including cultural and hygienic ones, bring great benefits to a person throughout his subsequent life. From preschool age, children must learn certain habits: you should not put your elbows on the table while eating, you must eat with your mouth closed, chewing food thoroughly. For a child accustomed to personal hygiene from an early age, hygiene procedures are a need, a habit. Hygiene skills training begins with familiarization with personal hygiene items: a towel for the face and hands, a towel for the body, a towel for feet, a bath sheet, a small comb with blunt teeth, a glass for rinsing the mouth, a toothbrush, handkerchiefs, a brush for washing nails, sponge for body. Hygiene education after one year is aimed at introducing the child to the following hygienic skills:

· wash your hands before eating and after each contamination;

· wash your face after a night's sleep and after each contamination;

· take a daily hygienic shower before going to bed at night, and in the summer - before going to bed during the day;

· wash with soap and a washcloth (after two days on the third);

· wash yourself before bed and after sleep if your baby wakes up wet;

· rinse your mouth after eating (from two years);

· use a toothbrush (from two years old);

· use a handkerchief as needed indoors and during walks (on your own from two and a half years old);

· use a comb while standing in front of a mirror (from one and a half to two years);

· care for nails with a brush (from two and a half years old);

· do not take food with dirty hands (under the supervision of an adult throughout early childhood);

· wash your feet before going to bed.

Any hygiene procedure with a small child should be carried out carefully, carefully, so as not to frighten him or cause discomfort. And even when your baby learns to perform this or that procedure on his own, do not leave him unattended. When starting a hygiene procedure, think through all the actions in advance, arrange the necessary items so that they can be freely used without wasting time looking for them, without being distracted. For example, when preparing for a bath, think about where to put the jug, where to put the soap, which hook to hang the towel on. Check the water temperature, remove all unnecessary items from the bathroom. To carry out hygiene procedures with your child, create all the necessary conditions:

· place the towel hook at height level (but not eye level!) of the child;

· place a bench next to the washbasin, standing on which he can reach the tap;

· Attach the handle-holder to the wall so that the child can hold on to it with both hands when washing himself, washing his feet, or taking a hygienic shower;

· Place a mat (grid) in the bathroom to prevent your child from slipping.

Items that the child will use independently should be selected taking into account his age capabilities. The size of the bar of soap should correspond to the child's hand; the towel and the loop on it should be such that the baby can remove and hang it with one movement; cups for toothbrush and mouthwash should be stable, comfortable and safe; a comb should be chosen with blunt teeth so as not to damage delicate skin baby, and its size should match his hand. A child’s personal hygiene items should be colorful and easy to remember. Starting from the age of one year, the child is able to find his towel, which always hangs in a certain place and has some kind of colorful landmark (pattern on the fabric, applique, embroidery, etc.). Convenient organization of conditions for hygienic procedures should encourage the child to be active and independent.

Learn to wash your face

Roll up the sleeves of the child's clothing.

Check the water temperature.

Lather your baby's palms until foam forms and rub them together.

You can play: “Whose paws are these? Scratchy paws? No, these are hands! Whose hands are these? Yes, my granddaughter (daughter)!” and so on.

Rinse off the soap under running water, encouraging the baby to act independently. Wash your face, naming each part of it.

Learn to blow your nose: pinching one or the other nostril, suggest forcefully blowing out a stream of air.

Wash your child's hands with water again.

Turn off the water.

Remove the towel, inviting the baby to participate in this.

Wipe your face and hands dry, naming the parts of the body and face that are being wiped. Offer to look in the mirror: “Look how clean and beautiful you have become!”

When washing, the adult names all the actions that occur before the child’s eyes (“This is water. This is how the water runs! What kind of water? Warm, transparent, fast, gentle. This is soap. What kind of soap? Beautiful, smooth, slippery. Oh, oh! He wants run away. No, we won’t let you run away!”) In the second half of the year, the adult, adhering to the sequence of actions, encourages the child to become as independent as possible. It is very important, starting from the age of one and a half years, to teach your child to use a towel independently and wipe their hands dry. Its increased activity requires frequent washing hands If you do not wipe them dry, very soon rough skin (so-called chicks), cracks, etc. may form.

Learning to use a towel

Remove the towel from the hook.

Place it on one hand, then hide the other hand under it.

Holding the towel straight in the middle, bring it to your face, pressing it, touching every part of your face.

After wiping your face dry, release one hand from under the towel and wipe it with movements of the hand hidden under it.

Wipe your other hand.

All actions should be accompanied by a lively conversation with the baby. And at the end, offering to show the hands and fingers to the bunny, the bear, and ask: “What are the hands like now?” Reply: “Dry, clean!”

Thumb-boy, where have you been?

I went to the forest with this brother,

I cooked cabbage soup with this brother,

I ate porridge with this brother,

I sang songs with this brother!

When reading a nursery rhyme, encourage the baby to show each finger in turn. If an adult is patient, then soon the baby will wash and dry his hands himself.

Learning to use a handkerchief

Know the purpose of a handkerchief.

Do not use it as a game item.

Be calm about using the scarf for its intended purpose.

Find a handkerchief in the pocket of a dress, jacket, shirt, coat, etc. Take the handkerchief out of your pocket and use it yourself (if necessary, seek help).

Gradually develop the ability to unfold and fold a scarf, and carefully put it in your pocket.

Pay attention to the cleanliness of the handkerchief.

Learning to use a comb

Know your comb and where it goes.

Show the functional purpose of the comb and develop the skill of using it.

Teach to be calm about the combing procedure, repeat it as needed (after sleep, after a walk, after using a hat, etc.). Allow the child to show independence based on his desire (“I do it myself!”). Transfer the skill of using a comb to a play situation (with a doll), repeating a familiar action in a plot-display game.

Avoid using someone else's comb.

Learning to use a mirror

Know what a mirror is and its functional purpose (comb your hair in front of the mirror, look at your clothes, etc.).

Learn to calmly and with interest look at yourself in the mirror, without touching it with your hands. Bring the baby to the mirror, draw his attention to the cleanliness of his clothes and face.

The volume and content of cultural and hygienic skills by age groups.

First junior group(from 2 to 3 years). An important task in working with children of the first junior group of kindergarten is the development of cultural and hygienic skills - neatness, neatness in everyday life, food culture skills, as an integral part of a culture of behavior. To make it easier for a child to learn new skills, it is necessary to make this process accessible, interesting and exciting. Continue to teach children under the supervision of an adult, and then wash your hands yourself after contamination and before eating, wipe your face and hands dry with a personal towel. Learn to put yourself in order with the help of an adult. To develop the skill of using individual objects (handkerchief, napkin, towel, comb, pot). While eating, encourage children to be independent and teach them to hold a spoon in their right hand. In the process of dressing and undressing, remind children of their order. With a little help from an adult, learn to take off clothes and shoes (unfasten front buttons, Velcro fasteners); neatly fold in a certain order removed clothes; wear clothes and shoes correctly.

Second younger group (from 3 to 4 years old). Teach children to take care of their appearance. Remind them how to use soap correctly. Continue to teach how to carefully wash your hands, face, ears; Wipe yourself dry after washing, hang the towel back, use a comb and a handkerchief. Develop basic behavioral skills while eating: correctly use tablespoons, teaspoons, forks, and napkins; do not crumble bread, chew food with your mouth closed, do not talk with your mouth full. By the end of the year, children should master the simplest skills of behavior while eating and washing. Middle group(from 4 to 5 years). Continue to instill in children neatness and the habit of taking care of their appearance. Make sure that you do not lose the skills to wash yourself, wash your hands with soap before eating, when dirty, and after using the toilet. Strengthen the ability to use a comb and handkerchief. Teach children to turn away when coughing and sneezing and to cover their mouth and nose with a handkerchief. Improve the skills of careful eating: take food little by little, chew well, eat quietly, use cutlery correctly (spoon, fork, knife), napkin, rinse your mouth after eating.

Senior group(from 5 to 6 years). Cultivate the habit of keeping your body clean, your clothes and hair tidy. Cultivate the habit of brushing your teeth yourself, keeping your nails clean, covering your mouth and nose with a handkerchief when coughing and sneezing, and turning away to the side. Teach how to quickly and neatly dress and undress, maintain order in your closet (put clothes in certain places), and make your bed neatly. Continue to improve food culture: use cutlery (fork, knife) correctly; eat carefully, silently, maintaining correct posture at the table.

School preparatory group (from 6 to 7 years old) ). Develop the habit of quickly and correctly washing your face, drying yourself using only an individual towel, brushing your teeth, rinsing your mouth in the morning and after meals, washing your feet before bed, using a handkerchief correctly, taking care of your appearance, using a comb, quickly undressing and dressing, hanging up clothes in a certain order and place, monitor the cleanliness of clothes and shoes.

Usually, a restless and active child of preschool age can hardly sit in one place while his mother combs his hair or cuts his nails, does not like to wash his hair, and brushes his teeth hastily, and only after repeated reminders from adults. And how difficult it is for a child to wake up early in the morning and, getting ready for kindergarten, dress yourself. We must remember what to wear, what to wear, how to fasten buttons, tie shoelaces, etc.

The child does not want to make efforts and transfers self-care activities to mom or dad. And parents themselves, when the child has even the slightest difficulty, rush to help. Of course, it is much easier and faster for a mother to wash and dress the child herself than to wait for the child to do this slowly and clumsily. And at the same time, it should be understood that in this way it forms a passive position in the child and inhibits the development of his independence and cultural and hygienic skills. Therefore, the child comes to kindergarten and cannot cope, helplessly asks the teachers: “help”, “button up”, “put on clothes”.

Therefore, instead of doing absolutely everything for your child, take care to provide conditions at home that are favorable for children. formation of cultural and hygienic skills in a child. Constantly repeat certain actions with your child until the skills are fully formed.

What should a child be able to do at different age stages of preschool?

First of all, let’s find out the sequence of formation in a preschool child of cultural and hygienic skills and skills that are advisable to focus on.

So, already in the second year of life, children should be able to put their hands under running water in the washbasin, wash off soap suds from their hands, dry themselves with a towel, drink from a cup, eat with a spoon, use a napkin, handkerchief, and the like.

Three-year-old children should already eat independently and carefully, chew food thoroughly, hold a spoon correctly, roll up their sleeves before washing, use soap, wash, and wipe their face with a towel. Children of primary preschool age should be taught to use cutlery (spoon, fork, knife), napkin, eat carefully, rinse their mouth after eating, brush their teeth properly, comb their hair, and follow the rules for using personal hygiene items. Children of senior preschool age are already able to independently control personal hygiene, behave culturally at the table, and the like.

How to encourage your child to be independent in caring for themselves?

The child is greatly encouraged to be active and take independent action in caring for himself by the favorable organization of conditions for carrying out hygiene procedures. Therefore, in order to provide your child with convenience and comfort, create all the necessary conditions for this in the bathroom, in particular:

Attach the towel hook at the child's height;

Place a low chair next to the washbasin, on which it will be convenient for the child to reach the tap with his hands;

Attach the handle-holder to the wall above the bathtub so that the child can hold on to it with both hands while washing, washing feet, or taking a hygienic shower;

Place a mat near the bathtub to prevent your child from slipping.

Be sure to purchase your child’s personal hygiene items: towels, a comb for combing hair, a toothbrush, baby soap, washcloth and the like. Give your child the opportunity to choose them themselves in the store. Children usually like the supplies bright colors, with interesting patterns or images of your favorite characters or cartoons.

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All personal hygiene items for a child should be selected taking into account his age capabilities and anthropometric characteristics. For example, the size of a bar of soap must correspond to the size of a child’s hand, the towel must have a loop so that the child can pick it up and hang it with one movement, cups for a toothbrush must be stable, comfortable and safe; The comb should be selected with blunt teeth so as not to damage the baby’s delicate skin.

What do parents need to remember when teaching their child to be neat?

Working on the formation of obvious cultural and hygienic skills in the child, remember a few important rules:

The haste and impatience of adults muffles the child’s initiative and his desire to be independent;

When communicating with your child, express a positive attitude towards cleanliness and neatness as often as possible;

Organize routine moments in an interesting way - then the child will willingly perform certain actions. During hygiene procedures, say, tell your child short didactic poems, take your child’s favorite toy with you to the bathroom, “who also wants to be neat”;

Encourage any childish manifestations of independence, even the most clumsy ones;

Do not criticize the child under any circumstances, only praise;

Do not leave your child unattended, even if he learns to perform one or another hygiene procedure on his own.

Don't expect your child to learn everything at once.

At the age of three, he will wash his face only on the condition that an adult stands “over his soul.”

At four years old, he will do the same if you remind him that every person needs to wash his face and brush his teeth. In addition, the child will certainly expect you to praise him for performing the action correctly. The desire to earn praise is exactly the incentive that encourages a preschool child to take care of himself independently. And only then, when you develop in the child the awareness that behind every action there is a rule, when he has learned a certain norm, then he will go to the bathroom on his own, because he will feel the need to be neat, to keep his body clean.

Therefore, to develop any sustainable cultural and hygienic skills in a child, you will need not only long time and your patience, but also the child’s support positive emotions from independently performing certain hygiene procedures. And, of course,

Svetlana Saldaeva
Consultation for parents “Formation of cultural and hygienic skills in children of middle preschool age”

Consultation for parents

« Formation of cultural and hygienic

skills in middle preschool children»

Dear parents, do not forget that the key to success in strengthening and maintaining the health of your child is in reasonable physical, intellectual and personal development.

IN modern world when there are so many temptations around a little person, only parents capable and must protect him from bad habits, malnutrition, passive, sedentary lifestyle life and other dangerous factors that shorten human life.

If you, parents Now pay enough attention to the health of your child, then in the future he will definitely appreciate your care and attention to him, he will forever be grateful to you for the most important gift in every person’s life - health...

Along with the organization correct mode, nutrition, hardening, a large place in the work of the kindergarten is given to the education of children's cultural and hygienic skills, habits. The child’s health and his contacts with others largely depend on this.

TO cultural and hygienic skills include:

-skills to maintain body cleanliness;

-cultural food;

Maintaining order in the environment;

-Children's cultural relationships with each other and with adults.

Cultural and hygienic skills and habits to a large extent are formed in preschool age, since central nervous system The child’s life is highly plastic, and actions related to eating, dressing, washing are repeated every day and repeatedly. In kindergarten children We teach you to wash your hands after a walk, after using the toilet. But those children from whom this is not required at home usually need reminders. These skills can be formed in a child and will become a habit only if all the surrounding adults make the same demands on him. Young children are very receptive, prone to imitation, and they easily master various actions. But for these actions to take hold and become habitual, it takes time. Over time, he will develop a need to follow these rules even when there is no control from his elders. Teaching a child to follow the rules of hygiene means protecting his body from many infectious diseases. The child must firmly understand that he must not sit at the table with unwashed hands, and must not eat unwashed fruits and berries.

Skills hand washing and personal hygiene include the ability to wash the face, ears, hands:

Roll up your sleeves;

Open the tap;

Wet your hands;

Take soap and lather until foam appears;

Rinse off the soap;

Close the tap;

Wring out your hands;

Dry your hands with a towel;

Carefully hang the towel in its compartment.

Lower your sleeves.

Many rules cultural food dictated concern for human health. Teach your child to use a fork correctly, don’t be afraid to give him a knife (of course not too sharp, with a blunt end). Let the child get used to eating while holding a fork in his left hand and a knife in his right hand. This the skill is easy to develop in childhood and is reinforced throughout life. Remind your child that food needs to be taken little by little, then it is easy to chew, that sitting with a mouth full to capacity, from which food that does not fit falls out, is very ugly and it is unpleasant for your neighbors at the table to see it. If you want to teach your child to use a napkin, do not forget to place the napkins on the table. If your child leaves the table without saying thank you, remind him of this. Also remind them to thank adults and children for their help attention shown to him.

Skills neat food include skill:

Correctly use tablespoons, teaspoons, forks, and napkins;

Do not crumble the bread;

Chew food with your mouth closed;

Don't talk with your mouth full;

Quietly leave the table after finishing a meal;

Thank;

Use only your own device.

It is difficult to teach a child to use a handkerchief if he does not always have a clean handkerchief and is used to doing without it. Therefore, do not forget to give it to your child or remind him to get a clean handkerchief himself. Get your son involved (daughter) to washing and ironing his handkerchiefs.

Learning to use the nasal handkerchief:

Know the purpose of a handkerchief;

Do not use it as a game item;

Be calm about the procedure for using the scarf for its intended purpose;

Finding a handkerchief in the pocket of a dress, jacket, shirt, coat, etc.;

Take the handkerchief out of your pocket and use it yourself (if necessary, ask for help);

Gradually form the ability to unfold and fold a scarf, carefully put it in a pocket;

Pay attention to the cleanliness of the handkerchief.

Learning to use a comb:

Know your comb and where it lies;

Show the functional purpose of the comb and develop the skill of using it;

Teach calmly, treat the combing procedure, repeat it as needed (after sleep, after a walk, after using a hat, etc.);

Allow the child to exercise independence based on his desires ( “I myself!”);

Transfer skill using a comb in a play situation (with a doll, repeating a familiar action in a plot-display game;

Avoid using someone else's comb.

Children should be required to rinse their mouths after meals and brush their teeth. (before bedtime). This habit, developed in childhood, helps to maintain teeth in good condition on long years. You can often see how parents, noticing that the child looks sloppy, they immediately begin tucking in a loose shirt, fastening buttons, etc. And very rarely you can hear how dad or mom speaks: “Look at you, how sloppy you look! Get yourself in order". In the first case, the child gets the idea that adults are responsible for his neatness and neatness and, if something is wrong, they will fix everything. In the second, the child feels that if he looks sloppy, it is unpleasant for others and he must take care of his appearance himself. Only with such an attitude on the part of adults can a child develop the habit of accuracy.

Children middle preschool age They usually don’t forget to say hello when they come to kindergarten and say goodbye when they go home. But sometimes we have to remind ourselves of this. Politeness and attention to a person require that, when saying goodbye, saying hello, preschooler called the name and patronymic of the person to whom he was addressing (the teacher, the nanny, so that he looked him in the face. It’s good if it is accepted in the family to wish relatives and neighbors good morning, Good night. Adults should lead by example in this regard.

Needs to be taught children behave with restraint in public places: on the street, cinema, theater, on transport, etc. Children should not talk loudly, start fussing, run, demand that they have a seat by the window. The child should be explained that with his unrestrained behavior he can interfere with others, that it is necessary to take into account the people who are nearby. Children should not abuse the care and attention that adults surround them with. From an early age, you need to teach your child to restrain his desires if they run counter to the wishes of others. We often justify a child’s selfish behavior by saying that "He is still small". child middle age can be taught a culture of activity, the ability to prepare everything you need, not to be distracted, to bring what you start to the desired result, to handle things with care. Here demonstration, explanation, and example of an adult play a huge role. Show your child how, in what sequence, and with what techniques this or that task should be performed. Encourage your child's desire to take part in the work of adults. Working together with adults, children adopt from them rational methods of work and its organization.

In order for the skill mastered by the child to improve and become familiar to him, exercise is needed. Adult supervision and reminders are needed here. This reminder is done in a friendly, calm, but firm tone. The rules of relationships are the most difficult for children to learn. Therefore, it is necessary to remind your son or daughter more often that they should greet you first, that you cannot enter someone else’s room without knocking, that you need to give way to your elders, etc. We, adults, need to remember that formed habits are very persistent, and we must not waste time , most favorable for formation positive habits.