Is it possible to make a rainbow at home? How to make a rainbow at home, or the decomposition of white light into a spectrum. Rainbow from the water

The rainbow hung like a multi-colored rocker,
Dipping one end into the green ocean...
M. Rysakov

Every person at least once in his life admired a natural miracle - a rainbow.

Many people have probably noticed that rainbows usually appear after rain.

I have seen a rainbow many times, and this phenomenon always delighted me. Last summer my parents and I walked around the city. The weather was sunny, but suddenly it started raining: warm, lightly drizzling. It stopped as quickly as it started, and literally immediately we all saw a rainbow in the sky.

I wanted to know what a rainbow is and how it appears.

Purpose of the study: determine what the connection is between rain, sun and the appearance of a rainbow, and whether it is possible to get a rainbow at home.

Object of study- natural phenomenon rainbow.

Subject of study- the origin of the rainbow.

Research objectives - find answers to the following questions:

How does a rainbow appear?
Do rainbows only appear in sunny weather or can they be seen at night?
Is it possible to get a rainbow at home?

Hypotheses put forward:

Suppose a rainbow appears only on a sunny day after rain.
Let's assume that it is impossible to see a rainbow in nature at night.
Suppose that a rainbow can be obtained by replacing the sun's rays with an artificial light source.

Basic methods: literature study, observation, experiment.

You don't have to wait until the storm passes to see a rainbow. We'll tell you how to do it at home. Children will definitely like this one. In addition, using his example, you can clearly explain to your child how a rainbow appears in the sky.

Cool days are the best time to spend time with your child. Children really like various experiments, and with their help it is very easy to explain physical, chemical and natural phenomena. We offer, with the help of which everyone can clearly learn the principle of the formation of a rainbow.

Children love to draw a rainbow and depict it with the brightest colors. When the sun comes out during rain, the sunlight is refracted in the water droplets and “breaks up” into several colors. Everyone knows that there are seven colors of the rainbow and they are arranged in strict sequence: red — orange — yellow — green — blue — blue — violet .

But to see all the colors of the rainbow, you shouldn’t look out the rain outside the window. You can make a rainbow with your own hands at home. How? Now we will tell you everything.

To make your own rainbow, you will need:

Small vessel (saucepan)
Solar light or electric
White surface or sheet of paper
Mirror

How to make a rainbow with your own hands

1. Fill a small bowl halfway with water.

2. Place a mirror in the water at an angle.

3. Direct the light from the flashlight into the water where the mirror goes under it (or, if you prefer to do the experiment with daylight, take the vessel outside and place it so that the rays hit the mirror under the water).

4. Hold a white sheet of paper over the mirror, adjusting the angle so that a rainbow appears.

How a rainbow is formed: the principle of refraction

Of course, your mini-rainbow is different from the one that appears in the sky after rain, but they have the same basic color characteristics. Why? Your demo version of the rainbow and the original work on the same principle: refraction and reflection.

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through a different medium, such as glass or water. Refraction can even cause the clock hands to go backwards when viewed through a glass of water.

When you shine a light beam from a flashlight (or white light coming from the sun) into water, the light bends. But white light is not made up of just one color - it is a combination of all visible colors. Therefore, when white light is bent, all of its components (red, orange, yellow, green, blue and indigo) are also bent. Each of these colors does this at a different angle because each color moves at a different speed within the water or glass.

When you reflect light from water using a mirror, you are reflecting white light that is broken down (by refraction) into a full spectrum of colors. This is how a rainbow appears!

The appearance of a rainbow after the rain

When a rainbow forms in the sky, the same principle applies. Millions of small drops of water refract sunlight. The angle at which we view these drops of water determines what color we see in them.

Experiment with your child and see where else you can see all the colors of the rainbow. Maybe in a drop of water in the garden or on a CD? Explaining natural phenomena using specific examples will help the child better understand scientific information that is still difficult for him.

TOI came from a good fairy tale,
and got a little naughty?
Who mixed the colors in the sky,
and spilled it on the rainbow?
And now she's colored
Smiles from heaven
Calling passersby
Very strong interest!

Since childhood, each of us has been fascinated by such a wonderful natural phenomenon as a rainbow. Where does it come from? Can it be made at home? To answer these and other questions, we conducted a study, the goal of which was to make a rainbow at home.

Tasks, which we have set for ourselves:
Find out what a rainbow is and how it appears.
Learn about the myths and legends associated with rainbows.
Make a rainbow at home using scrap materials.

We suggested that a rainbow can be made at home and even without using water.

During the study, we analyzed literature and Internet sources on the topic, used our observations, and conducted a number of experiments.

Myths and legends about the rainbow
Rainbow is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena. A multi-colored arc that appears in the sky after rain on a sunny day attracts the attention of not only children, but also adults. Rainbows can be seen in the paintings of great artists. Rainbows are mentioned in poems and fairy tales. There are many myths associated with the appearance of a rainbow in the sky.
The ancient Greeks believed that the messenger of the gods, Iris, descended to people along a rainbow from heaven to earth. Iris was represented as a charming girl - beautiful and light, with two majestic rainbow wings behind her back. Having spread her wings wide, she is ready at any moment to take off and rush through the sky with the speed of a swallow, and the road along which she runs is a rainbow. Iris carried out the orders of Zeus and Hera and was considered a mediator between the gods and people.
The ancient Chinese thought that the rainbow was a heavenly dragon, which meant the unity of Heaven and Earth.
In Slavic myths and legends, the rainbow was considered a magical heavenly bridge from heaven to earth, a road along which angels descend from heaven to collect water from rivers. They pour this water into the clouds, and from there it pours out as life-giving rain.
However, not everyone believed that the appearance of a rainbow was good. Among some peoples, rainbows were considered a bad sign. The appearance of a rainbow meant someone's imminent demise. Along the rainbow, the souls of dead people move to the kingdom of the dead.

Folk signs

There are many folk signs associated with the rainbow:

A low and flat rainbow means bad weather, and a high and steep rainbow means a clear day.
If the spectrum of the rainbow is dominated by red, then you need to wait for a strong wind.
A low rainbow, the edges of which rest on bodies of water, portends bad weather.
A bright rainbow - wait for bad weather.
If there is more green color - there will be rain, yellow - good weather, red - wind and drought.
A morning rainbow promises a cloudy day, and an evening rainbow promises a fine day. Rainbows are rare in winter and signal impending frost or snow.
If a colored arc appears in the east, then expect good weather; if in the west, then expect rain.
A rainbow along the river means heavy rain, and across it means clear weather.
The rainbow is visible for a long time - there will be bad weather for several days.
If a rainbow appears in the direction from which the wind is blowing, it will be a rainy day, if in the opposite direction, it will be a clear day.
The rainbow is located from south to north - expect heavy rain, from west to east - sun.
The appearance of a rainbow on Saturday promises a rainy next week.

How does a rainbow appear and why is it colorful?
Rainbows appear as a result of the interaction of light and water. When it rains, a huge number of water drops float in the air. Each drop acts as a tiny prism. The sun's rays, passing through raindrops, are refracted and break up into a spectrum that we call a rainbow.
There are seven colors in the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
These colors in the rainbow were first proposed by the great English scientist Isaac Newton. At first he identified 5 colors, but then he thought and decided that there would be 7 colors, like 7 notes. In fact, the color spectrum is continuous, its colors smoothly transition into each other through many shades.
You can prove that the colors of the spectrum add up and form white light using an ordinary computer disk, onto which strips of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet paper are glued in a circle (in sectors), insert a pencil into the hole of the disk and spin the disk. As the rotation speed increases, the disk begins to appear white, or more accurately, greyish-white.
The brightness of the colors and the width of the rainbow depend on the size of the raindrops. The larger the drops, the narrower and brighter the rainbow; it contains more red saturated color. If there is light rain, the rainbow turns out wide, but with faded orange and yellow edges.

Did you know that rainbows can happen even without rain?
Indeed, rainbows can be seen near lakes, waterfalls, and large rivers, where the rays of the sun are reflected from the water surface. You can also see a rainbow on a sunny, clear day near fountains, as well as when watering flowers in the garden with a hose (if you hold the hole of the hose with your fingers, creating a mist of water, and point the hose towards the sun).

Practical part (experiments)
Rainbow is a miracle of nature. Is it possible to create this miracle yourself, at home? I decided to try this and conducted several experiments. To make the rainbow bright, I carried out all the experiments in a dark room, using only light from a table lamp. Here's what I got.

Experiment No. 1
When conducting the experiment, I used: a glass prism, a modeling board, a piece of plasticine, and a table lamp. Using plasticine, I attached the prism to the modeling board and directed a beam of light from the table lamp onto the prism.
Slightly changing the angle of the board, on the white wall opposite the ray of light, I saw this rainbow.

Experiment No. 2
I used: a rectangular tray, plain water, a mirror, a table lamp. I poured some water into the tray and lowered the mirror into it at a slight angle. The beam of light from the lamp was directed onto the part of the mirror immersed in water.
By adjusting the tilt of the mirror, I got this rainbow on the ceiling.

Experiment No. 3
I used: a computer disk, a table lamp. I directed a beam of light from a table lamp onto a computer disk and reflected this beam onto the ceiling, on which I got such a beautiful rainbow!

Experiment No. 4
I used: a tray, a large plastic bubble ring, soapy water. I placed a plastic ring in a tray of soapy water, then carefully took it out - a film had formed inside the ring. Turning the ring towards the light, I saw these rainbow stripes on the film.

Experiment No. 5
I poured some water into a transparent glass glass and placed it on the table. Looking at the glass of water from the side (the glass should be at face level), I saw a barely noticeable rainbow above the surface of the water. I decided to shine a beam of light from a flashlight onto a glass of water, the rainbow became clearer and brighter.

The experiments have proven that it is very easy to make a rainbow yourself at home, using a beam of light from an ordinary table lamp or flashlight instead of sunlight.
In the course of research and experimentation, I decided to try to make a “Rainbow Box” from computer disks, which could be used to decorate rooms during home parties or classroom discos. My dad helped me make the rainbow box. We found several old computer disks at home and carefully covered a small cardboard box with them on all sides. They made a hole in one of the corners, threaded a ribbon through it and hung the “Rainbow Box” from the ceiling.

By shining a flashlight on the box, we created a beautiful rainbow lighting in the room, which delighted all my friends and helped make my house party more fun and modern!

AMAZING NEARBY. RAINBOW AT HOME

Ekimova Valeria

Student of grade 2 “b” of State Budget Educational Institution Secondary School No. 1 of the Russian Federation, Chapaevsk

Evseeva Oksana Pavlovna

scientific supervisor, teacher of the highest category, primary school teacher, State Budgetary Educational Institution Secondary School No. 1

Russian Federation, Samara region, Chapaevsk

Very often we notice strange and unusual phenomena in nature. They capture our imagination and are remembered for a long time. Many of these amazing phenomena have already been explained by scientists, but continue to remain mysterious to us. I would classify a rainbow as such a phenomenon.

How is a rainbow formed? Is it possible to observe this beauty at home? What kind of rainbows are there? I have to find answers to these questions.

Object of my research- natural phenomenon RAINBOW.

I'm sure - the topic is relevant. After all, it is very important to understand how and why something happens that fascinates our eyes so much.

The purpose of my work- try to replicate such a natural phenomenon as a rainbow at home.

In my work I set myself the following tasks: 1. Find out under what conditions a rainbow appears. 2. Study what types of rainbows exist in nature. 3. Get acquainted with legends and myths, symbols and other aspects of people’s lives associated with the rainbow. 4. Using experiments, find out whether it is possible to reproduce a rainbow at home.

Research methods: analysis of publications and Internet materials on this topic; systematization and classification of the studied material; observation; experiment.

Meaning of the word "rainbow". Rainbow - God's arc, celestial arc - celestial phenomenon; a seven-color arc under the clouds, from the sun behind the rain. (V. Dahl's Dictionary).

Legends and myths. The ancient Greeks believed that the rainbow was the smile of the goddess Iris. And in the Bible, a rainbow appears after the global flood. In Armenian mythology, the rainbow is the belt of Tyre (originally the god of the sun, then the god of writing, arts and sciences). The Slavs believed that the rainbow drinks water from lakes, rivers and seas, and then rains down. Sometimes she swallows fish and frogs along with the water, so sometimes they fall from the sky.

History of the study. Why does such a beautiful color picture appear in the air? I looked for the answer to this question in additional literature and the Internet. Here's what I found out.

In 1672, Isaac Newton proved that the ordinary white color is a mixture of rays of different colors. “I darkened my room,” he wrote, “and made a very small hole in the shutter to admit an appropriate amount of sunlight.” In the path of the sun's ray, the scientist placed a special triangular piece of glass - a prism.

On the opposite wall he saw a multi-colored strip - a spectrum.

The word spectrum comes from the Latin “spectrum” - visible.

Newton explained this by saying that the prism decomposed the white color into its component colors. Then he placed another prism in the path of the multi-colored beam. With this, the scientist collected all the colors into one ordinary ray of sunlight. Moreover, initially Newton distinguished only five colors - red, yellow, green, blue and violet. But then, Newton added two more colors to the five listed colors of the spectrum - orange and indigo. He wanted to create a correspondence between the number of colors in the spectrum and the number of fundamental tones of the musical scale. Or maybe the number 7 had some other symbolic meaning for him. When it rains, there is a huge amount of water droplets in the air. The sun's rays pass through drops of water, white light is refracted and decomposed into 7 colors of the spectrum from red to violet.

Light refraction. Refraction of light is the change in the direction of propagation of light (light rays) when passing through the interface between two different transparent media (for example: air and water). An example of light refraction: if you lower a straw into a glass of liquid, it will seem curved to us due to the refraction of light (Fig. 1). Each drop of liquid becomes a tiny prism. Since there are a lot of prism droplets after rain, a rainbow appears in half the sky.

Drawing 1 . Refraction

Experience 1. I decided to make sure that the light consisted of seven colors. To do this, I tried to conduct an experiment. I cut out a circle with a radius of about 5 cm from cardboard. I divided the circle into 7 sectors. Each sector was painted with the desired color (like a rainbow) (Fig. 2). I made a small hole in the very center of the circle and inserted a toothpick into it. I got a top. I launched the top. As it rotated, it turned white. Why? This is the process of “picking” flowers. White color is the keeper of all colors on earth.

Drawing 2 . Spinning top - rainbow

Types of rainbows. A rainbow that appears after rain is a primary rainbow. Sometimes we may see an extra rainbow. In it, the colors follow in reverse order from purple to red. There might even be a third and fourth rainbow. Why does a second rainbow appear? Also due to the refraction and reflection of light in water droplets. But before turning into a “second rainbow,” the rays of sunlight have time to reflect twice, not once, from the inner surface of each droplet. On a bright moonlit night, you can also see a rainbow from the Moon. But the receptors of the human eye do not perceive colors in low night light, and the lunar rainbow looks whitish. The brighter the light, the more “colorful” the rainbow. Does a rainbow happen when rain is impossible - in frosty winter? It turns out that such a miracle also happens. In winter, ice crystals “float” in the air. They divide white into seven colors.

Experiment 1. Let's try to replicate the rainbow at home. For this I need spray as rain and sunbeam. We fill the spray bottle with water and on a sunny day we create a cloud of droplets in the air (Fig. 3). On them we see a rainbow (Fig. 4).

Drawing 3 . Cloud of drops

Drawing4 . Rainbow

Conclusion: You can get a rainbow at home, just like in nature. This occurs due to the refraction of the sun's ray in drops of water and its division into a spectrum.

Experiment 2. I needed a CD, a flashlight and a smooth surface (wall). I direct the flashlight beam at the disk. A rainbow appears on the wall! (Fig. 5).

Drawing 5 . Rainbow on the wall

Experiment 3. For the experiment, you needed a container with water, a mirror, a beam of light, and a smooth surface. I poured water into the basin. The mirror was placed so that one part of it was under water, and the other part was above it. I point the mirror towards a smooth surface. I direct the beam to different parts of the mirror so that the reflected light falls on the wall.

Conclusion: Rays of light hit the mirror and are reflected. But, passing through water, white light is refracted. As a result, we get a rainbow on the wall.

Drawing 6 . Passing through water, light is refracted

Experiment 4. To me I needed a solution for soap bubbles.

Figure 7. Rainbow patterns on soap bubbles

Conclusion: Thin films of soap on the surface of the bubble constantly move and refract light. We see constantly changing rainbow patterns (Fig. 7).

Based on the results of my work, I can draw the following conclusions. Rainbow can be obtained at home. An artificial light source can be used instead of a sunbeam. Rainbows can be observed not only during the day, but also at night, and even in winter. I achieved my goal - to learn about the rainbow and try to replicate it at home. I conducted experiments and proved that you can get the rainbow effect at home and at any time of the year you can admire this beautiful phenomenon, which still holds many mysteries. The results that I obtained from studying the rainbow should be interesting and useful to my classmates.

Bibliography:

Bogdanov K.I. “It’s not so simple.”/ First of September - 2006, - No. 3. - p. 31-33.
Burova S.A. Unusual natural phenomena./ September 1, 2003, No. 3.
Geguzin Ya.E. Who makes the rainbow? - Kvant, 1988, No. 6.
Family photo archive.
Trifonov E.D. Once again about the rainbow. - Soros Educational Journal, - 2000, - vol. 6, - No. 7.
[Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow.
[Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00055/38400.htm.

Antipenko Sergey

Purpose of the study: to determine what the connection is between rain, sun and the appearance of a rainbow, and whether it is possible to get a rainbow at home.

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RESEARCH WORK “HOW TO CREATE HAPPINESS AT HOME?”

Purpose of the study: to determine what connection there is between rain, sun and the appearance of a rainbow, and whether it is possible to get a rainbow at home. Object of study: natural phenomenon R A D U G A. Subject of study: origin of the rainbow. Research problem: how to create a rainbow at home; how a rainbow appears and why it is multi-colored; how to create white from colored components.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES How does a rainbow appear? When does a rainbow appear? Is it possible to get a rainbow at home? How to get white from colored components?

HYPOTHESES Suppose that a rainbow appears in sunny weather during rain, when the sun's rays pass through raindrops. Suppose that a rainbow can be obtained by replacing the sun's rays with an artificial light source.

BASIC METHODS Studying literature. Observation. Experiment.

“Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant is sitting.” “How once Jean the bell-ringer knocked down a lantern with his head.”

Every schoolchild can repeat Newton's experiment. I repeated this experiment, but with an artificial light source. We observed the decomposition of light into a spectrum when passing through a prism at home, using a prism and a projector. To do this, we “caught” a white beam with a prism and got an image of a rainbow on the wall. The light, which seemed white, played on the wall with all the colors of the rainbow. This is how we penetrated the mystery of the ray, which the famous English scientist penetrated more than 300 years ago.

HOW DOES R A D U G APPEAR? When it rains, there is a huge amount of water droplets in the air. Each droplet plays the role of a tiny prism, and since there are so many of them, the rainbow turns out to be half the sky. This is who turns out to be building multi-colored gates in the sky quickly and beautifully! Ray of sun and raindrops. All rainbows are sunlight that passes through raindrops, as if through prisms, is refracted and reflected on the opposite side of the sky.

WHEN DOES THE RAD UG APPEAR? A rainbow appears only when the sun peeks out from behind the clouds and only in the direction opposite to the sun. A rainbow occurs when the sun illuminates a curtain of rain. Rainbows can only be observed early in the morning or late in the evening.

DOES IT HAPPEN WITHOUT RAIN? Such a miracle also happens.

EXPERIENCE “CREATION OF RAINBOW AT HOME” To make sure that white color consists of seven colors and a rainbow can be obtained artificially, we conducted an experiment. We needed: a flashlight, a water container, a flat mirror, white cardboard and water. Progress of the experiment: Filled the tray with water. Placed a mirror with an angle. We directed the light of a flashlight onto the part of the mirror immersed in water. To catch the reflected (or refracted) rays, they placed cardboard in front of the mirror.

AS A RESULT, A REFLECTION OF ALL THE COLORS OF THE RAINBOW APPEARED ON THE CARDBOARD, WE WERE ABLE TO GET THE RAINBOW IN “HOME” CONDITIONS. Conclusion: a beam of light reflected by a mirror at the exit from the water is refracted. The colors that make up white have different angles of refraction, so they fall at different points and become visible.

EXPERIENCE “HOW TO OBTAIN WHITE COLOR FROM COLOR COMPONENTS?” Just like we decomposed the white color into its components, you can get back the white color from the colored components. If seven colored light sources are placed on one side of the prism at appropriate angles, we will get a white beam at the exit from it.

It is difficult to do such an experiment on your own, but there is another way. If you take a white circle and paint it in the seven colors of the rainbow, and then put this circle on an axis. And start rotating it quickly, in place of the colored circle, we will see white. This occurs due to the inertia of human vision. The eye cannot see each color separately on a rapidly rotating circle, and for it they all merge into one white color.

CONCLUSION As a result of the work done, we were convinced that the prism can turn a white beam into a seven-color, rainbow one. They found out that raindrops and ice crystals can divide the white color into seven colors, so you can see rainbows in autumn, summer, spring, and winter. But there are conditions under which such an amazing natural phenomenon can be seen. We got acquainted with ways to obtain a rainbow at home, creating white color from colored components.

LITERATURE 1. Belkin I.K. What is a rainbow? – “Quantum” 1984 2. Bulat V. L. Optical phenomena in nature. M.: Education, 1974. 3. Geguzin Y. E. “Who creates the rainbow?” – Quantum 1988 4. Mayer V.V., Mayer R.V. “Artificial rainbow” - Quantum 1988. 5. “I explore the world.” Children's encyclopedia. Physics O.G. Hinn - M, LLC 6. Bragin A. About everything in the world. Series: Great Children's Encyclopedia. Publisher: Ast, 2007. 7. Children's encyclopedia "I KNOW THE WORLD". AST - LTD" 1998

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Hello! I, Antipenko Sergey, student of grade 1 “b” of school No. 19

G. Izobilny. And this is my supervisor, Marina Nikolaevna Meshalkina.

Let me introduce my research work “How to create a rainbow at home?”

Every person at least once in his life admired a natural miracle - a rainbow. Many people have probably noticed that rainbows usually appear after rain. I have seen a rainbow many times, and this phenomenon always delighted me. Last summer my parents and I walked around the city. The weather was sunny, but suddenly it started raining: warm, lightly drizzling. It stopped as quickly as it started, and literally immediately we all saw a rainbow in the sky. I wanted to know what a rainbow is and how it appears.

Purpose of the study: to determine what the connection is between rain, sun and the appearance of a rainbow, and whether it is possible to get a rainbow at home.

The object of study is the natural phenomenon of the rainbow.

The subject of the study is the origin of the rainbow.

Research problem:

how to create a rainbow at home;
how a rainbow appears and why it is multi-colored;
how to create white from colored components.

Research objectives:

How does a rainbow appear?
When does a rainbow appear?
Is it possible to get a rainbow at home?
How to get white from colored components?

Hypotheses put forward:

Suppose a rainbow appears in sunny weather during rain, when the sun's rays pass through the raindrops.
Suppose that a rainbow can be obtained by replacing the sun's rays with an artificial light source.

Basic methods: literature study, observation, experiment.

There is probably no person who does not admire the rainbow. This magnificent colorful phenomenon in the sky has long attracted everyone's attention.We all know the saying from childhood: “Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits,” there is also a less popular version: “How once Jean the bell-ringer knocked down a lantern with his head.” Using the initial letters of these sayings, we remember the names and sequence of colors of such an unusual and beautiful natural phenomenon as a rainbow.

Why does such a beautiful, and even colorful, picture appear in the air? We looked for an answer to this question in additional literature. Here's what we learned.

Sunlight or an ordinary beam of white light is actually a combination of all colors. When a beam of light moves through air, almost nothing happens to it, but if a transparent substance noticeably different in density from air gets in its way, interesting things begin to happen to the light. When light hits the boundary of such a substance, it is deflected, but the most important thing is that each of its components deflects differently.

Isaac Newton proved that ordinary white color is a mixture of rays of different colors. “I darkened my room,” he wrote, “and made a very small hole in the shutter to let in the sunlight.” In the path of the sun's ray, the scientist placed a special triangular piece of glass - a prism. On the opposite wall he saw a multi-colored strip - a spectrum. Newton explained this by saying that the prism decomposed the white color into its component colors. Newton was the first to realize that the sun's rays are multicolored.

To do this, we “caught” a white beam with a prism and got an image of a rainbow on the wall. The light, which seemed white, played on the wall with all the colors of the rainbow (these multi-colored, bright stripes are called the solar spectrum). This is how we penetrated the secret of the ray, which the famous English scientist penetrated 300 years ago.

We looked at white objects through a prism, they looked colorful, rainbow-colored. Rainbow is the most famous, well-known spectrum.

So, for a rainbow to appear, a ray of sunlight must fly through a prism? But there are no prisms in the sky! How then does a rainbow appear?

2.2. How does a rainbow appear?

There is nothing strange here. A rainbow is simple, it is the sun's rays refracting in raindrops. When it rains, there is a huge amount of water droplets in the air. Each droplet plays the role of a tiny prism, and since there are so many of them, the rainbow turns out to be half the sky. This is who turns out to be building multi-colored gates in the sky quickly and beautifully! Ray of sun and raindrops. All rainbows are sunlight that passes through raindrops, as if through prisms, is refracted and reflected on the opposite side of the sky. The outer edge of the arc is usually red, and the inner edge is purple. There are seven colors in the solar spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.

Conclusion: A rainbow appears in sunny weather during rain, when the sun's rays pass through raindrops.

2.3. When the rainbow appears

Then the question arises: why don’t we always see a rainbow when it’s raining or sunny?

A rainbow appears only when the sun peeks out from behind the clouds and only in the direction opposite to the sun.
A rainbow occurs when the sun illuminates a curtain of rain.

You need to be strictly between the sun (it should be behind you) and the rain (it should be in front of you). Otherwise you won't be able to see the rainbow! The sun, our eyes and the center of the rainbow should be on the same line! If the sun is high in the sky, then it is impossible to draw such a straight line. This is why rainbows can only be seen early in the morning or late afternoon. A rainbow appears provided that the angular height of the sun above the horizon does not exceed 42 degrees.

Can there be a rainbow without rain?

It turns out that such a miracle also happens. In winter, ice crystals “float” in the air. They can also divide white into the seven colors of the rainbow, so rainbows can be seen even in winter. The air, although it seems absolutely transparent, actually also decomposes light into its component colors. Noticeable - this happens at sunrise or sunset. Passing through the thickness of the earth's atmosphere, its rays bend a little, and as we remember, the red color bends weaker than others. It is for this reason that the sun, being close to the horizon, acquires a red tint. Rays of a different color bow out more strongly and no longer reach us.

Experience “Creating a rainbow at home”

To make sure that the white color consists of seven colors and the rainbow can be obtained artificially, we carried out experience.

We needed a flashlight, a water container, a flat mirror, white cardboard and water. Progress of the experiment:

Filled the tray with water
They installed a tilting mirror.
We directed the light of a flashlight onto the part of the mirror immersed in water.
To catch the reflected (or refracted) rays, they placed cardboard in front of the mirror.

As a result, a reflection of all the colors of the rainbow appeared on the cardboard; we were able to get a rainbow in “home” conditions.

Conclusion: a beam of light reflected by a mirror at the exit from the water is refracted. The colors that make up white have different angles of refraction, so they fall at different points and become visible.

Experiment “How to get white from colored components?”

Just like we decomposed the white color into its components, you can get back the white color from the colored components. If seven colored light sources are placed on one side of the prism at appropriate angles, we will get a white beam at the exit from it.

4.CONCLUSION

As a result of the work done, we convinced that the prism can turn a white beam into a seven-color, rainbow one. Found out that raindrops and ice crystals can divide white into seven colors, so you can see a rainbow in autumn, summer, spring, and winter. But there are conditions under which such an amazing natural phenomenon can be seen. We met with methods for producing a rainbow at home, creating white from colored components.

In conclusion, I would like to thank my supervisor, Marina Nikolaevna Meshalkina, for the assistance provided to me during my work.

Thank you for your attention!