These materials are intended for parents, educators, speech therapists, and psychologists. These are didactic classes intended for young children (from 1.5 to 3 years old). Each lesson corresponds to the age characteristics of children of the specified age.
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Didactic lesson for children 1.5 years old.
Purpose of the lesson: development of fine motor skills of the hands (development of precise coordination of movements, teaching a child to bend and straighten his fingers, oppose the thumb to the rest, tense and relax muscles), coordination, imitative ability (teaching children to repeat after an adult).
Lesson time:
Total time: 15 minutes.
- Game-ritual “Farewell”.
Didactic material:soft toy bear, tray, semolina, multi-colored plastic cups, basin.
Lesson plan:
- Game-ritual “Fingers say hello.”
- Didactic game “Drawing on the croup”.
- Didactic game "Overflow".
- Game-ritual “Farewell”.
Game-ritual “Fingers say hello.”
This exercise is a ritual for starting a lesson, which helps create a positive emotional background and mood for the child before performing key exercises. In addition, this is finger gymnastics, which promotes the development of small muscles of the fingers. The lesson is held at a table. The child says hello to the teacher and the soft toy Misha (with a teddy bear), and then shows how his fingers can say hello:
In the morning the little boys' fingers stood up,
They were happy to see each other and began to say hello.
Hello, little finger; hello, finger, etc. (alternate contact of the child’s thumb with the tips of the other fingers of the same hand).
Didactic game “Drawing on the croup”.
Pour a layer of semolina onto a tray or any other suitable surface. We show the child how to draw with his finger on the rump. We draw the simplest drawings - straight lines, winding ones, the sun, a cloud, etc. If your child is drawing on the cereal for the first time, you should not ask him to repeat anything or draw something specific. Let him draw and experiment to his heart's content.
If your child already has experience drawing on cereals, you can make the task more difficult.
Invite your child: “Let’s draw a path!” You need to take his finger in your hand and run it along the rump, drawing a horizontal line: “Look what a path it turned out to be. How does a bunny jump on it? Jump-jump!!!" We spread our fingers and leave marks on the table with our fingertips: “These are the marks the bunny left! Come on and your fingers will jump like a bunny!” We invite the baby to “jump” with his fingers on the rump like a bunny.
If the child refuses to show or repeat anything, we simply draw ourselves and give the child the opportunity to draw on his own what he wants.
To make it easier to clean up semolina that has spilled after drawing, you can play the game on a blanket, which can be quickly cleaned at the end of the lesson if you shake it over the bathtub.
Didactic game "Overflow".
This part of the lesson is best done in the bathroom. The main goal of this exercise is to teach your baby to pour water from a glass into another (wider) container, as well as pour water into a glass from the tap. The game promotes the development of coordination and motor skills.
Draw the child's attention to bright plastic cups (you can take any cups from children's toys or dishes, kitchen unbreakable glasses (plastic or iron) will do). Show him how to draw water from a bathtub or from a tap, how fun it is to pour water from a cup back into bathroom, invite your child to fill a clean baby bucket, small basin or saucepan with water.
During the game, try to consolidate new words in the baby’s mind (glass, pick up, pour out, pour, water, if the cups are multi-colored, draw the child’s attention to their colors). Pronounce the words clearly, loudly, and in a voice that attracts the child.
Game-ritual “Farewell”.
The child says goodbye to the teddy bear, to the teacher, makes movements with his hands that imitate goodbye.
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Didactic lesson for children 2, 5 - 3 years old.
Purpose of the lesson: development of fine motor skills of the hands (development of precise coordination of movements, teaching a child to bend and straighten his fingers, oppose the thumb to the rest, tense and relax muscles), development of imitative ability (teaching children to repeat after an adult), sensory development.
Lesson time: 15 minutes.
- Game-ritual “Greeting” (2 minutes);
- Finger gymnastics “Get to work!” (1 - 2 minutes);
- Didactic game “Plant a flowerbed” (8 - 10 minutes);
- Game-ritual “Farewell” (1 - 2 minutes).
Didactic material:the circle of the sun and its rays,“flowerbed” (the production method is described in the didactic game “Plant a Flowerbed”), flowers.
Lesson plan:
- Game-ritual “Greeting”.
- Game-ritual “Farewell”.
Game-ritual “Greeting”.
The lesson is carried out while sitting on a soft carpet. This exercise is a ritual at the beginning of a lesson, which helps create a positive emotional background and mood for the child before performing key exercises. In front of the child lies a circle from the sun, and its rays are separate. The child is invited to say hello to the sun and attach rays to it (5 rays), call each ray by its name (say hello to each ray by name, for example: “Hello, little ray Vanya,” etc.). After the baby attaches all the rays to the sun, gives them names and greets them, the child should be invited to greet the entire sun in full: “Hello, Sunshine!”
Finger gymnastics “Get to work!”
This exercise is finger gymnastics, which not only helps warm up the hand, but also develops precision coordination of movements, teaches the child to bend and straighten his fingers, oppose the thumb to the rest, tense and relax muscles, and develops the ability to imitate.
Instructions: The teacher pronounces a poetic text and at the same time shows the child certain movements with his fingers and hand:
Come on, brothers, let's get to work!
Show your hunt(fingers clenched into a fist).
Bolshaku - chopping wood(extend the thumb).
All the stoves are for you to light(…pointing).
It's up to you to carry water(…average).
You have to cook dinner (...unnamed).
And you – wash the dishes (...little finger ).
And then sing songs to everyone.
Sing songs and dance,
To amuse our children.
(on the last three lines, turn the hands with straightened fingers left and right).
Didactic game “Plant a flowerbed.”
The process of making a flower bed:
1. Cut out 2 rectangles of fabric measuring 25 cm - 16 cm and 1 rectangle from padding polyester. A pattern of padding polyester is applied to a rectangle of fabric and a rectangle of fabric is applied as a third layer. Everything is stitched, the edges are finished with bias tape. The flowerbed is ready.
2. Cut out flowers of different colors (pink, blue and yellow) and leaves from thick fabric, cut a loop in the center of the leaves and flowers and trim the edges.
3. Sew multi-colored buttons on the flowerbed according to the color of the flowers and leaves.
Rules of the game : the child is asked to plant flowers in a flowerbed: attach a yellow flower to a yellow button, a blue flower to a blue button, a pink flower to a pink button, and leaves to green buttons. The child finds and fastens buttons of a certain color. After this, the teacher checks the correctness of the task.
A child aged 1 to 3 years belongs to the category of young children. During this period, the active formation of all organs and systems occurs. But along with the rapid pace of physical maturation, the psycho-emotional development of children is intensively improving. In order for a small person to successfully master speech, object and play activities, dexterity of movements, the basics of creativity and creative thinking, it is not enough to simply follow the correct diet and provide adequate nutrition. Additional developmental activities are necessary for children.
For 1-year-old children, the most important thing is play.
Of course, you can find the most suitable studio that provides specialized services for young children. Or you can create a set of exercises yourself and conduct training at home.
Directions for the development of children from one to 3 years old
Basic types of exercises for conducting classes with a small child
Classes with a 1-year-old child are aimed at transmitting information in a playful way. It is very important to interest children in engaging in the process of cognitive activity. If the offered games do not seem interesting to the baby, then the mother will not receive any concentration. You can use any available materials as props: bright mittens, colored pictures, soft toys, plastic dishes.
Montessori educational toys - “I call - and you look.” A child of the first year of life, although he can already pronounce individual words, does not yet have sufficient speech skills to conduct a full-fledged dialogue. Therefore, parents need to encourage children to actively pronounce sounds. The game when the baby has to show the object named by the mother helps not only to improve imaginative thinking, but also to develop the speech apparatus. Because the child will try not only to find the right thing, but also to repeat its name after the adult.
- Finger gymnastics. The better the fine motor skills of the hands are developed, the faster memory, speech and thinking improve. Hand massage, salt dough modeling, lacing games are perfect for small children. It makes more sense to find funny poems to practice with. This way the child will be more willing to get involved in the process. Together we will build a house (fold your hands into a “house” and raise them above your head). Let there be windows in it (to form circles of fingers). And also so that there is a door (the brushes form a rectangle). And let the pine tree grow (raise your hands up, spread your fingers). And there was a fence around (we move our palms along an imaginary wall). The dog guarded the gate (hands “locked”). And then let it rain (fingers “drum” on the body). And the flower in the garden bloomed (put your palms together and imitate the opening of a bud).
- Modeling lessons can be started from 1.5 years of age
- Educational activities with children on the street. Do not forget about the optimal combination of business and pleasure. While walking in the fresh air, you can do many exercises to improve various skills and abilities. On the street it is easy to find objects to observe, imitate and look at with children. And at the same time, teaching your child to respect nature is doubly useful.
Children play role-playing games from 2 years old Parents should know that all games are held with mandatory commentary on the process. The mother should tell the baby what is happening now and why this is being done.
It is important not only to provide sensory perception, but also to conduct speech association. For example, if a child is holding a soft object in his hands, then it is advisable to report this. Thus, they will be held with maximum benefit for children.
Precautions for organizing gaming activities
We must not forget about safety rules. All items used for games should not have sharp corners, small parts, or toxic substances in their composition. It is better if these are specialized toys for children.
Drawing develops imagination and motor skills Also, the place for games must meet the basic requirements:
- distance from wires and power supply;
- absence of glass doors, corner countertops, piercing and cutting objects;
- flat surface for movement.
If the mother can answer affirmatively to a number of questions, then the organization of play activities was as safe as possible. Does the item pose a threat to the child? Can I safely leave my baby alone with this item? Is it possible to leave the room for a short period of time without fear for the child’s health?
Tests for children 2-3 years old What the future of children will be depends largely on their parents.
And you should start building a path to a bright life for your child here and now. Being a mother is not just about finding a woman’s happiness, it is also about long and tedious work, a huge supply of patience and a sea of invested energy. But at the moment when the time comes to reap the fruits of their efforts, rejoicing in the significant successes of their child, not a single mother will remember the time spent and sleepless nights.
How to captivate a curious one-year-old toddler? Many mothers ask themselves this question, since combining activities with the baby and household chores is quite difficult. Moreover, after a year, the baby becomes more active, but he still lacks perseverance.
We offer you a list of exciting games that will help keep a 1-2 year old child busy for a while and at the same time develop his finger motor skills, attention, and sensory skills.
It is not difficult to captivate a baby under one year old; for this you will need a regular rattle, a rotating mobile or an educational mat.
But by the first round anniversary, children begin to actively explore the space: they either crawl quickly or take their first steps. It's no surprise that parents now need to come up with new ideas for activities with their little ones.
Let's look at two options: joint games with the mother and independent activity of the baby, when a woman needs to free up a little free time for herself and at the same time keep the child occupied with something.
We offer several interesting games for children from one to two years old.
What to do with a 1-2 year old child: joint games
The best partner for one-year-old children is his beloved mother.
At this age, the child is not yet attracted to the company of his peers, since neither he himself nor other children can yet come up with ideas for entertainment.
What games can parents offer their baby?
- Bubble. There is probably not a baby in the world who would not love to watch how water turns into multi-colored transparent balls. Children are interested in everything in this process: where do bubbles come from, how can they be blown out, why do they burst? The little one will definitely want to create soap bubbles herself, which is why this activity sometimes drags on until the solution in the jar runs out.
- Drawing. A 12-month-old child already paints with finger paints with obvious pleasure; by the age of two he can already cope with gouache and watercolor painting. The most important thing is to choose safe paint and create a workspace, and then watch how the baby mixes paints and makes handprints and fingerprints. By the way, rolls of old wallpaper will come in handy in this matter. They are much more economical than expensive albums.
- Modeling. You can sculpt from special salted dough or ordinary soft plasticine. Just don’t buy fragrant plastic mass, because the child will definitely want to try it. Show him the simplest exercises: roll a ball, a sausage, demonstrate how to make a flat cake. Don’t expect beautiful figures; at this age children are interested in studying the properties of materials. The advantage of such an activity is undeniable - the active development of fine motor skills!
- Role-playing games. A one and a half year old child is already showing genuine interest in role-playing games. At this moment, he imitates the actions of his parents, which he sees every day. Usual scenes: feed the doll, do exercises with her, swaddle her, rock her in a stroller, put her to sleep. And yet we can’t do it without my mother’s help. Closer to three years, the plots of games will become more complex, because imagination will be added to direct experience.
- Reading books. One-year-old children cannot yet comprehend long works with a plot, so leave fairy tales for later. One or two years is the age for reading poems and jokes. Typically, classical children's literature goes off with a bang: poems by A. Barto, K. Chukovsky, etc. By the way, take these works as a basis for children's mini-performances by purchasing a finger theater or making one from ordinary gloves.
- "Walking" games. Options for outdoor games are limited only by mom's imagination. You can play with other children on the playground by taking a ball with you outside. Feed the pigeons a piece of old loaf, thereby developing children's motor skills and observation skills. Swing on a swing, build a snow woman in winter, and collect bright leaves in autumn. In summer, the list of entertainment expands significantly.
- Outdoor games at home. It’s hard to imagine a normal day with your baby without these useful activities. You can’t sit a baby down at the table for several hours and expect him to draw, sculpt, or assemble something. If the baby walks confidently, play hide and seek, tag or tag with him. If he is just taking his first steps, just roll a ball on the floor or jump on a fitball.
- Cubes, nesting dolls, pyramids. Let your activities with your baby be not only fun, but also useful. To do this, it is not enough to buy educational toys; adults must get involved in games and teach the child to interact with objects. For children aged 1-2 years, cubes, pyramids, insert frames, sorters, large construction sets, and musical instruments are suitable.
- Games with cereals. Take a large basin with semolina, place a lot of “secrets” and “treasures” in it. These can include small toys, jar lids, and shaped pasta. By the way, you can draw unusual pictures with children’s fingers on pallets or on large dark dishes.
- Balloons. An amazingly fun activity to do with young children. You can draw funny faces on the ball with a felt-tip pen. The balloon can be inflated and released without tying the neck - joyful screams cannot be avoided. The little researcher will be interested for a long time in how such a small rag turns into a large and light ball.
- Housework. Sometimes you don’t need to come up with new activities for your child; it’s enough to just let him help you with the housework. For example, give your toddler a sponge and a damp cloth and show him how to wipe off the dust. Two-year-old children can already use a floor brush and wash dishes. Place your child on a small pedestal near the sink, lather the sponge and let him wash the plastic dishes.
What can you do with a one or two year old baby: independent games
Let’s immediately make a reservation that the concept of “independent games” is quite relative, since at this age the child cannot yet occupy himself. And it’s not safe to leave such a little toddler alone.
However, no one is stopping you from keeping your baby busy for a while to do household chores or take a break. What ideas will your child like?
- "Miracle box" In a regular box you need to put various trinkets and small things. The contents need to be updated regularly, and the box itself should not be kept in plain sight. Let her appearance be a surprise. Inside the “wonderful” box there may be parts from construction sets, small toys, bottles, packaging for vitamins, that is, everything that your imagination tells you. Be careful - do not put small parts that the baby could swallow.
- Fun with paper. Both at 12 months and at two years old, children are interested in paper products - they love to rustle paper, tear it into pieces, crush it and make balls out of it. The cheapest and safest option is playing with a roll of toilet paper. But you shouldn’t give glossy magazines and newspapers. Newspaper pages get dirty with printing ink, and magazine gloss has sharp edges that can hurt small fingers.
- A package of clothes. In a textile bag, put things that the baby has already outgrown, or clothes that are out of season. Little fashionistas and fashionistas are usually captivated by such wardrobe games for about 20-30 minutes. They love to stand in front of the mirror and try things on themselves. By the way, this way you can teach your baby to dress independently.
- Water activities. Fill a basin with not too much water, hand the baby a variety of rubber toys (ducks, bear cubs, boats), and let him play. Many children enjoy the completely innocent fun of slapping their palms on the surface of the water and watching the splashes. However, you should not allow your baby to play in the bathroom without your supervision. It is better to lay an oilcloth in the room and place a basin of water on it.
- Cartoons and educational presentations. Of course, it’s better to watch cartoons with your child, but if you need a break for 10-15 minutes, you can turn on a good animated film or an interesting presentation. However, you should not get carried away with this method; nothing can replace a child’s communication with adults and interaction with real objects.
Goals:
Teach children to clearly understand and distinguish between the concepts of “high” and “low”.
Strengthen the ability to count to two, compare “one-many” aggregates.
Form spatial imaginative thinking.
Introduce the geometric figure “square”.
Practice onomatopoeia.
To develop children's understanding and use of the prepositions on, under.
Continue learning to draw with your fingers, leaving a print in a tender place; sculpt from plasticine using the “direct rolling” technique; stick the image details in the right place.
Develop speech attention, fine movements of fine motor skills.
Equipment:
Background picture “sky and earth”, figures of the sun, clouds, houses, flowers.
Background picture with houses, paper square windows, glue sticks.
Toy hammers.
One- and two-story houses built from a designer. Handkerchiefs.
Wooden spatulas. Multi-colored clothespins.
Large building material, various attributes for the obstacle course.
Picture-diagram of a house, details of these houses are made of colored cardboard.
Drawing of a house with empty windows, yellow finger paint, yellow plasticine.
Educational game “Pick up the key to the lock.”
Audio recordings: “There is a house made of logs in the forest,” “I want to build a house.”
Progress of the lesson:
Greetings
We stomp our feet.
We clap our hands
Shaking our heads
We shake our heads.
We raise our hands
We lower our hands.
One-two, one-two.
It's time for us to get busy!
Finger game “Building a house”
All day - here and there,
A loud knock is heard.
The hammers are knocking.
We are building a house for baby squirrels.
This house is for squirrels.
This house is for bunnies.
This house is for girls.
This house is for boys.
This is such a nice house.
We will live happily in it.
Let's sing songs
Have fun and dance.
Children bang toy hammers on the floor.
Didactic game "House on the Mountain"
The picture shows the sky and the earth. Show me the sky. Show me the land. Pick up the house and attach it to the picture. In which part of the picture did you attach the house, to the sky or to the ground? Why?
Now put the sun and clouds on the picture. Where will you put the sun and clouds? On sky.
And flowers grew around the house. Where will you place the flowers? On the ground around the house.
How many houses do you have? One house. How many flowers? Many colors. How many suns? One sunshine. How many clouds? Two clouds.
Application "Windows"
Here are the new beautiful houses. But how to move residents into them? There are no windows! Let's make windows for these houses. Here are the windows - squares. Glue them in the right place.
Didactic exercise “High-low house”
There are houses in front of you. Let's count them. One two Three. How many houses? Three houses. Which house is the tallest? Which is the lowest? Count how many floors are there in the tallest house? How many floors are there in the lowest house?
Now I will cover the houses with handkerchiefs, and you will guess where which house is hidden. Under which scarf is the lowest house hidden? Highest?
Game with clothespins “Beautiful fence”
Here are the planks, and here are our clothespins. Now we will make a beautiful fence out of them for our houses.
Dynamic pause “At a construction site”
We need to transport building material to the construction site. Can you help? (Children carry large building materials from one place to another, overcoming obstacles. Stumps, “puddles”, etc. are used as obstacles).
Construction "Lay out the house"
The pictures show a diagram of a house that you will lay out and build yourself. Take the parts and place them in the right place on the diagram. Where a triangular roof is drawn, add a colored triangle there; where there is a square window, add a square.
Exercise “What sounds do you hear at home?”
How does the kettle whistle? Sssss.
How does water drip from a tap? Drip-drip-drip.
How does dad work with a drill? F-f-f.
How does the vacuum cleaner hum? Oooh.
How do guests knock on the door? Knock-Knock.
Finger painting “Light the lights in the windows of the houses”
So evening came, it became dark. Let's turn on the lights, let the windows in the houses light up with bright light. Dip your finger in yellow paint and paint over the windows on the house.
Modeling “The moon has risen”
And now the moon has risen in the sky. (On the same sheet where they painted lights in the windows of houses). Let's make it out of yellow plasticine. First, roll out a thin sausage. Then we bend it and apply it to the night sky. Press down the plasticine. The moon is ready!
Dynamic pause “The bear has a big house”
The bear has a big house,
(Raise your arms up, stand on your toes)
And the hare's is small.
(Squat down, lower your arms down)
Our bear went home
(Stepping from foot to foot)
And behind him comes the bunny.
(Jumping)
We are seeing off the animals
(Farewell waves)
We continue to study.
Didactic game “Pick up the key to the lock”
Children match keys to locks of the same color and open them.
House on the meadow
All doors are locked.
We'll pick up all the keys
And we’ll unlock the hut.
We develop a child from 1.5 to 2 years old - have you missed anything?
When you are involved in the development of a child, the question often arises - what needs to be developed? What else would you like to do? What to play with your child?
To be honest, similar questions arise from time to time for me. To help other mothers, I decided to make an approximate list of areas of development for a child aged 1.5 to 2 years.
How to develop a child from 1.5 to 2 years old:
Development of logic.
1. “Collect only” (learn to select only certain items from scattered objects - according to mom’s instructions. For example, put only pine cones, only red objects, etc. in a box).
2. Learn to sort objects (by shape, size, color).
3. Assemble simple puzzles or pictures cut into pieces (at one and a half years old these will be two-piece puzzles; the average child usually learns to put together more complex shapes independently after two years).
4. Assemble from parts - games from soft construction toys (carpet, felt) or paper templates, by playing with which the child learns to put together simple figures - a house, a mushroom, etc. from 2-3 parts (homemade construction sets are much better, since the mother has the opportunity to make a construction set based on the individual characteristics of the child):
5. Games with insert frames and their paper counterparts:
6. Closer to two years - assembling a pyramid from cubes of different sizes:
7. Stack the cups, build a tower of cups:
8. A task for complicated classification such as “find the big yellow circle”, “find the small blue square” (such tasks are more suitable for children closer to two years old, provided that the child is already good at distinguishing objects by shape and color and has mastered the simplest sorting) .
9. Games with all sorts of sorters.
Development of attention.
Game “Find a Pair” - with socks, mittens, cards (lotto).
Game "What's in this room?" - according to mom’s instructions, look for “what is red, hard, soft, etc. in this room.”
Game "Where in this room"? (find where in this room there is a polar bear, your favorite doll, etc.).
“Find by sound” - mom hides a playing musical toy in the room - the baby must find it by sound.
“Find Mom” is a game of hide and seek (the mother hides so that it is very easy to find her, sometimes she gives hints - calling the baby to her).
“Find a similar pattern” is a type of game “find a pair” - find objects (handkerchiefs, mittens, hats) with the same pattern (usually drawn or printed manuals are used for this).
Studying the properties of objects:
Big small.
Names of colors (both basic - blue, red, etc. and atypical - light green, pink, etc.).
Study of geometric shapes (circle, square, etc.).
One is many.
Hot Cold.
High Low.
Up down.
Prepositions.
Sad-cheerful.
10. Hard-soft.
11. Dirty-clean.
12. Front-back.
13. Dry-wet.
14. Prickly.
15. Smooth.
16. Rough.
17. Light - heavy.
Lexical topics:
Dishes.
Fish.
Vegetation (trees, bushes, grass, flowers, leaves).
Cars.
Ship.
Houses.
Flowers.
Mushrooms.
9. My house (kitchen, bathroom, toilet, hallway, living room, bedroom, children's room, closets).
10. City (streets, houses, courtyards, roadways, public transport, parks).
11. Vegetables, fruits.
12. Products, food.
13. Pets.
14. Wild animals.
15. Clothes.
16. Furniture.
17. Birds.
18. Parts of the body, parts of the face.
19. Insects (ant, bee, etc.).
20. Sun, clouds, moon, moon, stars, rain, snow, puddles.
Creation.
Drawing: with wax crayons, paints, felt-tip pens (it is better to take water-based ones (“washable”) - they wash well). Children at this age usually find it difficult to draw with pencils - you need to make a strong effort to leave a mark on the paper, and they also break quickly.
Learn to use paints - wash the brush after each color, wet the brush in water.
Finger painting.
Drawing with a sponge (with stripes and stamps cut from a sponge for washing dishes; gouache or finger paints are used for painting with a sponge).
Drawing silhouettes: a stencil is made from a sheet of paper - a simple silhouette is cut out inside the sheet - for example, a Christmas tree, a house, a mushroom. The stencil is placed on a blank sheet of paper, the child decorates the stencil window (silhouettes of a Christmas tree, mushrooms, etc.). At the end of the work, the stencil is removed and a cute children's creativity remains on the bottom sheet of paper.
In a playful way, start learning to draw lines (vertical, horizontal), closer to 2 years - circles. It is important that the skills of drawing lines and circles at this age are very individual, some learn this later, some earlier, it is necessary to take into account the interest and abilities of the baby.
Closer to two years, you can begin to master coloring (also very individually - after all, most children successfully master this skill somewhere after two). It is better to learn to paint with paints - this technique is much easier for a child. You can start learning by coloring silhouettes of fish, mushrooms, etc. cut out of paper.
Modeling from plasticine, dough - learn to pinch off lumps, attach them to paper (perform compositions “feed the chicken with grains, make a cutlet for the dog,” etc.), make sausages, flat cakes, hide objects in plasticine/dough and find them, cut the dough with a knife, roll out with a rolling pin, leave imprints on the dough, cut out figures with special molds (similar to cookie cutters) In the modeling skills described, everything is also individual - a child will easily learn some things at 1.5 years old, others will “come” later. two – it’s different for everyone.
Applique made of paper (of various textures), applique made of torn paper, applique made of crumpled paper.
10. Application with cereals.
11. Applique on the dough (various objects are laid out on the dough (beans, mosaic, acorns, etc. and pressed into the dough - interesting patterns are obtained).
12. Crafts that combine various techniques (modeling and modeling, applique and modeling, etc.).
Modeling.
Build paths from cubes, construction sets, books.
Learn to make applications from 2-3 elements (for example: a house (3 elements) - roof, house, window; tree (two elements) - trunk and foliage). Important: first the child must become good at making appliqués from one element and appliqués from several objects.
Build houses from construction sets (square and triangular roof).
Play with Lego-type construction sets (spontaneous modeling).
Development of fine motor skills at 1.5 years.
Develop motor skills by doing creative work - modeling, drawing, appliqué.
Tear paper.
Unwrap “surprises” (items wrapped in foil or several layers of paper).
Sprinkle the cereal - with a spoon, with your hands, in glasses, look for hidden objects in it, prepare soup for the dolls.
Playing with sorters and frame inserts.
Learn to collect water from the table with a sponge.
Learn to squeeze a sponge.
Games with a pyramid (learn to string).
Learn to string beads (special for children).
10. Games with large mosaics (closer to two years, individually).
11. Games with sand - learn to make Easter cakes, pies, pour, pour.
12. Games with Lego-type construction sets (connecting parts, separating parts).
13. Games with clothespins.
14. Cubes - build towers, build houses.
15. Learn to open and close all kinds of locks - either play with real ones, or make or buy a special board:
16. Learn to fold nesting dolls.
17. Play with knockers and hammers:
18. Remove small objects from the dish with a spoon (first with a tablespoon - this is easier, then with a teaspoon):
19. Use a spoon to catch small objects from the water.
20. Carry round objects in a spoon around the room.
21. Pour water into cups (ideally, play in the bathroom while bathing).
23. Pour water from a children's teapot into a cup.
23. Catch the balls in the water with a small strainer.
24. Beat the soap foam with a whisk (add a couple of drops of detergent to a plate of water).
25. Leave imprints on the dough with various figures and molds.
26. Draw with a stick on the ground or sand outside.
27. Finger paint on semolina.
28. Glue stickers.
29. Boxes, jars with lids, bags - learn to open and close.
30.Game “stick the figure in its place”:
31. Small rubber bands - learn to put on fingers, a pyramid stick, on small rubber toys:
32. “Piggy bank” - lower various small objects (buttons, coins, beans, pasta) into small slots on boxes and jars:
33.Learn to squeak with squeaking toys.
34. Spray yourself with sprinklers in the bathroom.
35.Massage your fingers with a massage ball (for example, accompanied by nursery rhymes).
36. Playing with small objects (if safety rules are followed) - buttons, pebbles, beads, etc.
37. Fasten and unfasten Velcro (on shoes, in special toys).
Development of speech and articulation.
Continue to learn onomatopoeia, teach how animals speak (kva-kva, boom-boom, etc.) - if the baby still speaks poorly. If speech development is normal, we continue to master those onomatopoeias that we have not yet mastered - we train the speech apparatus (we learn to pronounce complex sounds in simple sound combinations).
We learn to blow (we blow soap bubbles, blow out candles, blow out cotton balls, etc.) - an individual skill - for many it develops after two years.
Perform finger exercises to develop motor skills.
“Mom-radio” - we try to talk a lot with the child, accompany the discussion with most of the actions and affairs (let’s put on a hat, pants, now we’ll eat, look at the flower, etc.). We try to speak to the child slowly and clearly (the slower and more clearly the mother speaks in everyday life, the easier, faster and more correctly the child begins to speak. Imagine a Chinese teacher who mumbles under her breath at a speed of 300 words per minute - how quickly can you speak Chinese? Chinese?).
Read books.
If the child speaks a sufficient number of words, recite poetry together (the mother begins - “our Tanya is loud...” the child continues - “crying!”) - usually this can be done on average - by the age of two (everyone is individual).
If possible, encourage the child to speak and use onomatopoeia (say “give!”, “tell me what it is”, “tell me how the cat meows”, etc.).
Play out various situations with toys, during which the child will say simple words and onomatopoeia (“let’s rock the doll, sing “a-a” to it, “beep the machine - “beep”,” “ask the bear for a cup, say, “give it”) , bear!“, etc.).
Development of musical ear, sense of rhythm.
Logorhythmics - dancing to music (for example Zheleznov).
Playing children's musical instruments (including homemade ones).
We get acquainted with the concepts of “loud - quiet” (playing spoons, drums loudly and quietly).
Let's get acquainted with the concepts of "fast - slow music."
“Listen! (we listen to different sounds - water dripping from a tap, birds chirping, trees rustling, a car driving, etc.).
Let's get acquainted with the concepts of "noise - silence".
Listening to classical music in the background.
Active listening to classical music - discussion (“this is fast and cheerful music, it tells us how fast birds fly across the sky, we dance so quickly and cheerfully to it. But sad, calm music, this is a cat that is bored - we are so slow “We dance to it” - the child listens to the music, intuitively begins to understand that each music has its own character and characteristics).
Ask the child to fulfill requests in a whisper (develops hearing - “bring a doll, give me a ball”).
Sensory development.
Playing with different materials - pieces of fabric of different textures, balls, brush, etc.
Application from materials of different textures (corrugated, velvet, sandpaper, cotton wool, fabric, etc.).
Feeling various objects at home (the sofa is soft, the floor is hard, the cup of tea is warm, the kefir from the refrigerator is cold, the cat is fluffy, the brush is prickly, etc.).
Feeling natural materials on the street - rough tree bark, wet water, smooth leaf, yarrow stem, dandelion, willow - fluffy, iron bench hard and cold, etc.)
Play the match-the-pair game with pieces of fabric.
Gymnastics and coordination development.
Logorhythmics - dancing to the music of the Zheleznovs and others.
“Walk around the room without touching objects” - moving around a room cluttered with various obstacles.
Learn to walk along the path (from books, ribbons, etc.).
Step over obstacles (raising your legs high).
Roll balls, cars.
Throw balls.
Learn to jump on the spot (you can learn to jump on a fitball or trampoline).
Kick the ball.
Crawl through a labyrinth (store-bought or homemade - from chairs, etc.).
10. Climb: on the playground (slides, walls, etc.) and at home: at the sports complex, on the sofa - from the sofa, climb onto a chair, etc.
11. Learn to carry various objects on a tray.
12. On the street - walk more (but do not force the child to walk if he does not want to). If a child refuses to go, it means he is tired or cannot! By the age of three, the baby will get stronger and will happily stomp long distances (tested by millions of mothers of three-year-old children). If you rush things and “force” the child to walk, this can negatively affect the development of joints and bones.
13. Walk on inclined surfaces - uphill, downhill, along a ramp, up stairs.
14. Push a cart or a toy stroller.
15. Pull objects behind you on a string.
16. Play tag with mom.
17. Fitball games according to age.
18. Simple exercises according to age, accompanied by nursery rhymes.
19. Walking on massage mats and massaging surfaces (pebbles, chestnuts, sand, grass, etc.).
20. Learn to dance in a circle with your mother (closer to 2 years).
21. Hanging on rings, crossbars, walking on your hands.
23. Learn to roll a car through a “tunnel”.
24. Play different ways of walking (like a bear, with arms and legs spread wide; like a bunny, jumping; like a horse, raising your legs; like a soldier, marching).
25. Catch soap bubbles released by mom and burst them.
Role-playing games.
Put the doll and teddy bear to sleep (swing, eat, ah-ah).
Feed and wash the doll.
Driver - take the toy in the truck.
Closer to two years - playing with dishes, in the kitchen.
We wash and hang out laundry.
Depict other animals (walk like a bear, jump and croak like a frog, etc.).
Developmental exercises in everyday life.
(Perform based on the child’s abilities; the child’s interest plays a significant role; if it is not interesting, the child may refuse to complete the tasks).
1. Learn to eat with a spoon (everyone is different, we focus on the word “learn” - that is, the process is important, not the result, there is no need to force events. A very good way to master eating with a spoon is the game “pour the cereal from a bowl into cup").
2. Drink from a straw or a cup.
3. Learn to maintain cleanliness while eating (“learn” - concentrate on the process, not the result, show that spills need to be wiped up, spills should be collected, what is better not to spill on clothes, etc. Do not scold for untidiness, but teach neatness.)
4. Learn to wipe the table.
5. Learn to collect water with a sponge and wring out the sponge.
6. Carry light but large objects (“help me put the basin in place”).
7. Water the flowers (it’s best to use a watering can outside in the summer - it’s not scary to get wet and drench everything).
8. Help mom hang out the laundry (hand the clothes, hang the clothes and attach them with a clothespin).
9. Help mom prepare porridge - pour the cereal into the pan, with mom’s help, open the tap (valve) and wash the cereal, pour water into the porridge.
10. Take off your hat and mittens (some people are able to take off their socks and pants).
11. Help mom sort out bags after the store (learn the names of products, remember the places where they are, put them in place with mom).
Social skills.
All the recommendations below are very individual, the main criterion for learning social skills at this age is that most actions should be performed easily, and if there are difficulties, it means that the time has not yet come for your baby to master such skills.
Say hello and goodbye (by hand or voice).
To feel sorry (the child will learn to take actions at the mother’s request - to stroke, to truly empathize with someone else’s grief).
Share and change (don’t insist or force. Just teach, show by example). Do not put pressure on the child if he does not want to give up the toy - respect his right to play with his toys.
Help the mother (for the mother this will be comic help, for the child it will be real help) - hang up the laundry, bring items, etc.
Show your child a puppet show using soft toys, in which small short scenes teach kindness, empathy, making friends, sharing, not fighting, etc.
But this list would be truly incomplete if I didn’t tell you something else:
I personally knew quite developed children whose mothers did little or no work with them. The secret of their child’s development was simple - mothers loved their children very much with unconditional love, accepted them for who they are, communicated with them a lot, spent enough time in the fresh air and in the countryside, provided (wittingly or unwittingly) a good developmental environment (without limiting cognitive interest of the child, they allowed him to actively explore the world around him (touch, twist, play with many objects) and the result was not long in coming!
I will add that all recommendations about when, what and how to develop in children should be applied individually. Here are approximate directions for teaching the “average” child. For each individual child, development proceeds at its own pace (sometimes in leaps and bounds), so it may happen that some skills will be more difficult for him to master (but only for now, at the moment), and some, unlike most of his peers, he will catch up jokingly. It is also worth understanding that if a child has just turned one and a half years old, many of the games and activities listed below may be more difficult for him than if he was almost two years old.
