Protect clothing and furniture. Cover the work surface with paper. Put it on fancy dress so that when changing clothes you don’t rub away the cut, and protect your suit with an apron or bib if you make a cut on your face or neck.
Apply eyelash glue to the selected area (optional). Using a damp makeup sponge, apply glue to the area where you are going to make the cut and wait for it to dry. You can skip this step if you don't want to use eyelash glue. However, if you decide to apply glue, you can easily remove it later using body oil or eyelash glue remover.
Use gelatin to make fake leather. If you want to insert a fake blade or bleeding tubes into a fake wound, the fake skin must be very durable. In this case, you can make fake leather from gelatin and other ingredients:
- Heat several flat plates in the oven. The plates should be warm, but not too hot. Place a metal baking sheet in the freezer.
- Mix gelatin powder, water and liquid glycerin (soap) in equal proportions. These must be pure ingredients without additives.
- Heat the mixture in the microwave for 5-10 seconds until smooth. Be careful not to get burned.
- Remove the plates from the oven. Put on gloves and pour gelatin onto a plate (in a thin layer). The thinner the gelatin layer, the more realistic the fake leather will look. Place the plate with gelatin on a metal baking sheet (in the freezer).
Make a cut on the fake leather. Place the gelatin on your skin and wait until it hardens and becomes hard before making a cut on it. Use a knife or your fingers to make the cut. Use your fingers to shape the cut to make it look more realistic.
- If you decide to make a long cut, make a long but narrow cut. For a more severe wound, make a wide incision.
Using red blush or face paint, color the cut. You can use a brush to paint the inside of the wound red. Use only products that can be used on the face. Other types of dyes may cause rashes or more serious health problems.
- Even if the label of the product you choose says that the product is non-toxic, this does not guarantee that its use is safe for your skin.
Paint fake leather with a mixture of red food coloring and cocoa powder. You will need a very small amount of this mixture, so you can mix these components in a small container. You should end up with dirty blood. This will make it look like your cut has been exposed to dirt and air for several hours. Use a brush to apply paint to the fake cut.
Apply foundation to the fake wound (optional). To do this, use a sponge or makeup brush or do it with your fingers. Apply foundation around the wound using circular motions. The foundation can be the same shade as your skin or slightly lighter.
- If you don't have foundation or if you think the wound doesn't look right, apply a mixture of food coloring and cocoa powder.
A) Indications. Planned: any formation that violates the contour skin, the benign or malignant nature of which is unclear, including biopsy for diffuse and multiple focal formations.
b) Preoperative preparation. Preoperative examination: Depending on the suspected underlying disease, an ultrasound examination may be performed.
V) Specific risks, informed consent of the patient:
- Plastic reconstruction of the excised area using a repositioning flap or skin graft may be required
- Subsequent wider excision
- Subsequent lymph node dissection for malignant neoplasms
- Wound dehiscence
- Bleeding
- Damage to deeper structures (for example, nerves)
G) Anesthesia. Local anesthesia; For plastic reconstructions with large flaps, general anesthesia (intubation) is performed if necessary.
d) Patient position. Depends on the location of the outbreak.
e) Access. Elliptical excision with due attention to skin tension lines, adjacent structures, safe margins, cosmetic aspects and potential expansion of the surgical scope.
and) Stages of removing skin lesions:
- Incision
- Skin tension lines
- Excision
- Mobilization of wound edges
- Subcutaneous suture
- Skin suturing
h) Anatomical features, serious risks, surgical techniques:
- The formation of a full-fledged scar is possible only when the wound is closed without tension, the skin edges must be sufficiently mobilized.
- If closure is not possible despite maximal mobilization of the skin margins and after releasing incisions, use a synthetic mesh graft or a full-thickness skin graft.
And) Measures for specific complications. After wound dehiscence, use open treatment with secondary sutures after a few days or even delayed scar revision after at least 3 months.
To) Care after removing a skin lesion:
-Medical care: For large wounds, drainage is necessary (consider mini-drainage). Remove the drain on the 2nd day after surgery.
- Activity: If necessary, provide a temporary period of rest/limitation of mobility, especially after reconstructive procedures.
- Physiotherapy: only occasionally necessary.
- Period of incapacity: 3-7 days; longer after large incisions.
And) Operative technique:
- Incision
- Voltage lines
- Excision
- Mobilization of wound edges
- Subcutaneous suture
- Skin suturing
1. Incision. Skin lesions, especially their pigmented forms, are a common indication for outpatient surgery. Their removal must be accompanied by a minimum number of complications, be painless and cosmetically acceptable, which requires, as prerequisites, the correct incision, aseptic technique and atraumatic closure of the skin.
In cases of malignancy, wider excision is performed and, usually, reconstruction with repositioning flaps or free skin grafts is performed. Only simple removal of the skin lesion is described below. The direction of the incision should be, if possible, parallel to the Panther skin lines (skin tension lines).
2. Skin tension lines. To determine the direction of the skin tension lines, you need to wrinkle it between the brushes.
3. Excision. Excision of the skin lesion is made by making an elliptical incision around it. The skin and subcutaneous tissue are cut down to the level of the fascia. Safe margins range from 0.2 to 2.0 cm, depending on whether the formation is benign or malignant.
4. Mobilization of wound edges. Optimal skin apposition requires mobilization of both wound edges. This is achieved by cutting the edges of the wound with scissors, partly with a sharp, partly with a blunt hand, until uniform parallel folds are formed.
5. Subcutaneous suture. Once the wound edges have been sufficiently mobilized, drainage may be required. The subcutaneous layer is sutured with absorbable 3-0 PGA sutures.
6. Skin suturing. The skin can be closed with surgical tape (Steri-Strips, ZM, St. Paul, MN), single sutures, or staples.
The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!
Bloodletting is an event to extract a certain volume of blood from the body using various methods. Thus, bloodletting can be carried out using an incision on the skin, cutting veins or placing leeches. Regardless of the method of blood extraction, the essence of bloodletting does not change.Bloodletting has been known to mankind since ancient times, since it was practiced by various peoples for two main purposes - as a medical treatment procedure and ritual sacrifice. Bloodletting as a therapeutic procedure was used in Ancient Greece, the states of Mesopotamia, Persia, China, Mongolia, Tibet and some other countries that were at a fairly high level of development at the time of their existence.
As a ritual sacrifice, bloodletting was practiced by numerous peoples of Africa, Central, South and Southeast Asia, as well as Central and South America. Moreover, the ritual of sacrificial bloodletting is still preserved among some tribes of Africa and the Amazon, living separately, preserving the traditional system and not having contact with civilization.
In the article we will look at the varieties and various aspects of the practical application of medical bloodletting, carried out for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes.
Types of bloodletting, their brief and comparative characteristics
Since bloodletting as a method of treatment was practiced in many cultures, it seems most correct and obvious to highlight the main types of this manipulation based on belonging to a particular medical tradition. After all, each culture had its own medical tradition, which regulated and justified both theoretically and practically the use of bloodletting. The rationale, rules of use, indications, contraindications, as well as the technique of bloodletting differ from each other in different medical traditions, which makes it possible to distinguish the corresponding types of manipulation.So, depending on the medical tradition, the following types of bloodletting are distinguished:
- Chinese bloodletting;
- Tibetan bloodletting;
- Islamic bloodletting (hijama);
- European bloodletting.
Chinese bloodletting
Chinese bloodletting is one of the methods of non-drug treatment of various diseases according to the traditions and standards of ancient Chinese medical science. At its core, bloodletting in the Chinese medical tradition is similar to acupuncture, since blood is removed at the same strictly defined points that must be activated or, conversely, weakened in order to cure the disease. Chinese bloodletting is capillary, since small incisions are made on the surface of the skin to remove blood, damaging only small capillaries. Next, a few drops of blood are squeezed out of these small capillaries or up to 50 ml of blood is sucked out using special cups placed on the surface of the skin above the incisions. Blood loss during Chinese bloodletting is insignificant, so it does not cause any serious reactions from the blood system.
In order to understand the meaning and essence of Chinese bloodletting as a method of treatment, it is necessary to know the general provisions of the traditional medical tradition of China. So, in the medical tradition of China there is an idea of meridians passing through the body through which vital energy circulates qi. This energy must circulate freely, without stagnating in various organs and tissues, which ensures excellent functioning of the human body. If the qi energy ceases to function normally along the meridians, then a disease occurs.
In accordance with this leading Chinese concept of qi energy, all diseases and the symptoms they cause are divided into several main types that are essentially opposite to each other. For example, depending on the amount of qi energy in any organ relative to the norm, diseases of fullness and emptiness are distinguished. Depending on the temperature in the affected organ, hot and cold syndromes are distinguished, etc. And it is these syndromes that will appear in the traditional Chinese diagnosis, which is completely different from the European one we are used to. There is no need to even try to correlate the diagnoses of the European and Chinese medical traditions, since they are based on completely different systems of knowledge, theories and ideas about the functioning of the human body.
According to the concept of fullness and emptiness, heat or cold and other similar syndromes, the Chinese medical tradition suggests eliminating them as a strategy for treating the disease. That is, if a person’s liver suffers, then the Chinese medical tradition determines whether the organ has emptiness or fullness, heat or cold, where there is stagnation of qi energy and obstacles to its movement, and other similar parameters. After this, the doctor decides how to influence the person in order to eliminate fullness or emptiness, heat or cold and normalize the flow of energy. For this, herbal decoctions, fumigation, cauterization, acupressure, acupuncture and bloodletting can be used. The most powerful and effective treatment methods in Chinese tradition Acupuncture and bloodletting are considered because they can quickly eliminate pathological symptoms, normalize the movement of qi energy and heal the patient.
Acupuncture and bloodletting involve influencing certain points on the human body in the area where the meridians, through which qi energy moves, reach the surface. For each meridian, energy moves through certain organs and tissues; accordingly, the impact on the exit points of this meridian on the surface of the skin can affect the condition of those structures through which it conducts qi. There are many points where the meridians emerge on the surface, and exposure to each of them causes different effects. For example, acupuncture at one point in the median of the gallbladder will lead to increased contractions, and at another, on the contrary, will weaken its peristalsis, etc. The same is true for bloodletting, which is carried out at the same points as acupuncture.
Thus, Chinese bloodletting is, in essence, an effect on biologically active points located on the human body in order to activate any process necessary to cure an existing disease. Since bloodletting causes a strictly defined effect, this method in the Chinese tradition treats only those diseases for which such an effect is necessary. That is, bloodletting at each point has its own strict indications.
Tibetan bloodletting
Tibetan bloodletting is in many ways similar to Chinese, but at the same time differs from it in the technique of execution and the type of provoked bleeding. Thus, Tibetan bloodletting is venous, since to remove blood the wall of the necessary vein, which comes close to the surface of the skin, is cut. During bloodletting, a small amount of blood is removed, which makes the Tibetan practice similar to the Chinese one.The points for bloodletting in Tibetan medical practice are not located on the meridians along which qi energy flows, but in the area of certain veins. The fact is that Tibetans know that all superficial veins are connected by anastomoses with deep-lying blood vessels that pass through certain organs. Accordingly, an effect on a vein connected by an anastomosis with the vessels of the lungs will lead to an effect on this organ, etc.
In addition, Tibetan doctors know that in the wall of each vessel there are nerve endings that go to a certain segment of the spinal cord. And in each segment of the spinal cord, signals and impulses from certain organs or parts thereof, located approximately at the same level of the body, are concentrated. For example, nerve impulses from the colon, part of the small intestine, and the muscles and skin of the middle third of the abdomen are collected in the same segment of the spinal cord because all of these structures are located at the same level of the body.
And if you irritate any one structure that is part of the area of responsibility of one or another segment of the spinal cord, this will affect all other organs and tissues, impulses from which accumulate in the same segment. Accordingly, the impact on the nerve plexus on the skin will lead to impulses in the spinal cord segment, which, in turn, will “send” signals and change the functioning and condition of the internal organs, which are also the responsibility of this segment.
Thus, the choice of a point for bloodletting in Tibetan medical practice is carried out on the basis of knowledge of which organ or tissue it will affect. And since the effect of bloodletting has a certain effect, it is used only for the treatment of those diseases that require such an effect. Accordingly, bloodletting at each point is performed exclusively for certain indications.
Hijama bloodletting (Islamic)
Hijama bloodletting (Islamic) is capillary, since for its production, just like in the Chinese tradition, small incisions are made on the skin at certain points. However, in the practice of hijama, cupping is always used, with the help of which a small volume of blood is sucked out. Hijama is also carried out at certain points, one part of which is borrowed from the Chinese tradition, another is recommended by the Koran, and the third is identified during a diagnostic examination. So, the hijama performer massages the patient’s body, identifies painful areas and places with lumps, and it is in them that he performs bloodletting.
Unlike the Chinese and Tibetan traditions, Islamic bloodletting is a treatment method recommended to Muslims by Mohammed and is not based on such a coherent theoretical basis. Therefore, relatively speaking, hijama is a borrowed method of treatment, for which a certain compilation of points for performing bloodletting has been preserved, but there is no theoretical basis and a coherent system of medical knowledge. In this regard, hijama is inferior to Chinese or Tibetan bloodletting in terms of effectiveness and safety of use.
In addition, a distinctive feature of hijama is its use for almost any disease and, accordingly, the absence of a strict range of indications.
European bloodletting
European bloodletting is a method of treating various diseases that was extremely popular in the Middle Ages. However, at present, bloodletting is not used in the European medical tradition, since there are other, much more effective methods therapy. The distinctive feature of European bloodletting is that it is large venous. That is, to remove blood, an incision is made in a large vein and a fairly large volume of blood is released. Basically, in modern world A conventional analogue of European bloodletting is the collection of blood from the cubital vein for testing.
Today, European bloodletting is used extremely rarely for certain diseases when the use of other treatment methods is impossible.
Classification of bloodletting by type of bleeding
So, depending on the type of bleeding that occurs, bloodletting is classified into the following types:- Capillary;
- Venous;
- Large venous.
Venous phlebotomy- This is a slight bleeding that occurs when the wall of a small vein is cut. Tibetan bloodletting is venous.
Big bloodletting- this is severe bleeding that occurs when the wall of a fairly large vein, for example, the ulnar, is cut. Large venous is traditional European bloodletting.
Benefits of bloodletting
Thus, during Chinese and Islamic bloodletting, when capillaries rupture, drip bleeding occurs, as a result of which the hemostatic system is activated. After 1–3 seconds, the hemostasis system starts the process of thrombus formation, which should clog the damaged vessels and stop the flow of blood. Blood clotting is carried out due to the activation of a huge number of enzymes and biologically active substances, which also affect the vessels, surrounding tissues and nerve endings located in the area of damage. Due to irritation of the nerve endings, intense signals are sent to the spinal cord, activating its corresponding segment. Next, from the excited spinal cord, nerve impulses begin to emanate to various organs, which are also “tied” to this segment of the spinal trunk. As a result of response impulses from the spinal cord, other biologically active substances are released in the tissues, which have a positive effect on the condition of the organ.
In addition, during capillary bloodletting according to Islamic or Chinese methods, stagnant blood containing various toxic substances is removed from the tissues. After removing the accumulation of stagnant blood in the tissues, microcirculation and lymph flow improve, respectively, the cells are optimally supplied with oxygen and nutrients, which has a positive effect on their condition and functioning. The nerve endings are released from excess pressure, which was exerted on them by the accumulation of blood and tissue swelling, which stops pathological impulses to the spinal cord.
With Tibetan bloodletting, almost the same thing happens as with Chinese bloodletting, since cutting the wall of a small vein also leads to activation of the hemostasis system and nerve receptors located in the surrounding tissues. Indeed, in the walls of the veins there is also a huge number of nerve receptors associated with the corresponding segment of the spinal cord.
Thus, benefits of Chinese, Islamic and Tibetan bloodletting consists in activating nerve fibers, stopping the transmission of pathological impulses and restructuring the microenvironment in tissues with the creation effective system self-regulation and self-healing at the cellular level. Clinically, this is manifested by the following beneficial effects:
- Normalization of blood viscosity (“blood thinning”)
- Preventing blood clots;
- Improving microcirculation and eliminating congestion in tissues;
- Relief of inflammatory processes;
- Analgesic effect;
- Immunostimulating effect;
- Lipolytic effect (breakdown of fat deposits);
- Anti-atherosclerotic effect (promotes the dissolution of atherosclerotic plaques on blood vessels);
- Hypoglycemic effect (reduces blood glucose levels);
- Anti-edematous effect;
- Antiallergic effect;
- Hypotensive effect (lowers blood pressure);
- Lymphatic drainage.
Harm of bloodletting
The method of European bloodletting is considered by most doctors to be more harmful than useful, since taking a relatively large volume of blood leads to a sharp activation of the hematopoietic system, strained functioning of the bone marrow, as well as a temporary weakening of the body’s defenses, and a decrease in the amount of oxygen and nutrients delivered to the tissues.The harm of Islamic, Tibetan and Chinese bloodletting can be very significant if the manipulation is carried out by a specialist with insufficient competence or not according to indications. Indeed, for successful and useful bloodletting, it is necessary to have an excellent knowledge of the medical tradition and points for bloodletting. Choosing the wrong point for bloodletting can lead to the activation of completely unnecessary systems and organs, which can significantly worsen a person’s condition. In addition, bloodletting, even at the right points, but done at the wrong moment (not according to indications), can also significantly worsen a person’s condition. Otherwise, if Tibetan, Islamic or Chinese bloodletting is performed in compliance with all the principles and rules of the relevant medical tradition, it does not cause any harm to the person.
Indications for bloodletting
Chinese bloodletting indicated for use in the treatment of diseases with fever syndrome, which include the following pathologies identified by the European medical school:- Delusional states;
- Viral and bacterial infectious and inflammatory diseases occurring with elevated temperature bodies;
- Pustular skin lesions;
- Skin itching;
- Fever;
- Lumbodynia;
- Initial bleeding, including internal;
- Acute pain of any localization;
- Ophthalmopathy;
- Paresthesia (feeling of goosebumps, numbness of the limbs, etc.);
- Increased blood pressure;
- Throbbing headache;
- Rhinitis;
- Hearing impairment;
- Pharyngitis and pharyngotonsillitis;
- Cerebrovascular diseases;
- Erosion;
- Symptoms of dyspepsia (flatulence, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, belching, feeling of heaviness in the stomach after eating, etc.).
- Condition after injury or injury with elevated body temperature;
- Any infectious diseases of an epidemic nature;
- Swelling and compaction in the subcutaneous soft tissues of any origin;
- Diseases of the lymphatic system (lymphadenitis, etc.);
- Diseases of the head and face organs.
Range of indications for performing hijama much wider than for Chinese or Tibetan bloodletting. It is necessary to understand that this is due to the fact that recommendations for the use of bloodletting are given not by certified doctors of the Muslim faith, but by theologians or hijama specialists, who often have only primary education, and in their reasoning are guided not by scientific knowledge, but by the Koran and others sacred texts of the Mohammedans. In principle, Islamic theologians and hijama specialists recommend using this method of treatment for any disease, even such exotic ones from a European point of view as possession by jinn, bewitchment, etc.
You need to understand that the recommendations of theologians and numerous hijama specialists are not based on knowledge of any medical tradition (Chinese, Tibetan, European, Indian, etc.), but on the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, which is a kind of obligation for all Muslims. This sunnah says that hijama is the best treatment for a devout Muslim, which he must do for various ailments. Therefore, even when medical specialists say that in any case hijama is not recommended, theologians confidently refute their words, referring to the text of the sunnah and arguing that if bloodletting were bad in some case, then the prophet would not have advised its use always as the best treatment for a Muslim.
Below we present all the indications for hijama recommended by theologians and manipulation specialists, despite the fact that some of them are controversial from the standpoint of scientific knowledge. This position is due to the fact that we try to minimize subjectivity, and therefore we present all the indications for the use of hijama, despite our attitude towards them, leaving the choice up to the person himself. When deciding on the production of hijama, you need to remember that most recommendations regarding this manipulation are given not by doctors, but by theologians.
So, Islamic theologians believe that hijama is indicated for the following conditions or diseases:
- Amenorrhea (lack of menstruation);
- Anal fistulas;
- Atherosclerosis;
- Brain cell atrophy;
- Pain in the back, shoulders, neck, legs, stomach;
- Pain after gynecological operations;
- Vaginal bleeding;
- Phlebeurysm;
- Varicocele;
- Haemorrhoids;
- Headache;
- Stomach diseases;
- Kidney diseases;
- Heart diseases;
- Diseases of the liver and gall bladder;
- Lung diseases;
- Thyroid diseases;
- Excessive or insufficient body weight;
- Diseases of the ENT organs (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, rhinitis, etc.);
- Delay mental development;
- Immunodeficiency;
- Impotence;
- Cough;
- Spotting vaginal discharge;
- Violations menstrual cycle;
- Sleep disorders;
- Neuritis of the fifth (trigeminal) and seventh (auditory) cranial nerves;
- Dumbness;
- Edema;
- Tingling sensation in the legs;
- Paralysis;
- Poor hearing;
- High blood pressure;
- Gout;
- Diarrhea;
- Memory loss;
- Prostatitis;
- Wounds and ulcers on the legs;
- Rheumatoid arthritis;
- Irritable bowel syndrome;
- Poor blood circulation;
- Elephantiasis;
- Muscle spasms;
- Stimulation of perception (to improve understanding of the material);
- Convulsions;
- Joint stiffness;
- Chronic constipation;
- Cellulite;
- Noise in ears.
When is bloodletting necessary: a doctor's opinion - video
Method of bloodletting
Let's look at the rules for each type of bloodletting separately to avoid confusion.Bloodletting instruments
Traditional Chinese, Tibetan and Islamic bloodletting is performed using certain instruments, such as thick needles, blood-sucking cups, etc. These instruments and devices can be purchased either in Chinese stores, including online, or in Mongolia, or in Islamic countries (for example, in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, etc.), or in medical equipment.The skin incision for Chinese or Islamic bloodletting is made with special needles or knives, the shape of which is shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Needles for drip bloodletting can have next view shown in Figure 1:
Picture 1– At the top there is a thick needle, at the bottom there is a triangular needle for drip bloodletting.
Bloodletting knives may have the following form, shown in Figure 2:
Figure 2– At the top there is a triangular hanuur in the form of a pike, at the bottom there is a lancet like a scarifier.
For Tibetan bloodletting, the following hanuur hatchet is usually used, shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3– Hanuur hatchet for Tibetan bloodletting.
If there is no hanuur hatchet, then Tibetan bloodletting can be performed using the lancet shown in Figure 2.
Bloodsucking banks are used for one of the types of Chinese bloodletting and are always used for hijama. These cans are a plastic cylinder with a device for pumping air at the top (see Figure 4).
Figure 4– Blood-sucking cups and a device for pumping out air.
In principle, if it is impossible to buy special blood-sucking jars, then use ordinary small glass jars with a volume of at least 200 ml (from canned vegetables, dairy products, etc.) or Soviet-style medical jars. Simply, before placing it on the skin, the air in these jars is first burned out using a torch made of cotton wool soaked in alcohol.
Chinese bloodletting technique
To perform bloodletting, traditional instruments made in China or Mongolia are used. Manipulation can be carried out in two ways:1. Drip phlebotomy using a triangular needle;
2. Cupping with a lancet followed by the installation of blood-sucking cups.
Method of capillary Chinese bloodletting. The patient is placed in a comfortable position, and a sterile thick or triangular needle is taken into the right arm. Then index finger With the left hand, press on the skin in the area of the point and quickly pierce it to a depth of 1 - 2 mm. The needle is put aside and the fingers of the left hand massage the injection site to achieve the release of a few drops of blood. Then, in exactly the same way, other desired points are injected. Allow blood to flow freely from the injection sites until a clot forms. After the blood has dried, the injection sites are treated with an antiseptic and the patient is left to lie down for 15 minutes. After this, the person can go about his usual activities, avoiding heavy exertion and abstaining from eating food for 2 hours. The course of treatment usually consists of 3–5 bloodletting procedures, which are performed 1–2 times a week.
The choice of points for bloodletting should be based on the recommendations of the Chinese medical tradition. In Russian, the characteristics of acupuncture points, which can also be used for bloodletting, are excellently presented in the fundamental work of G. Luvsan “Traditional and modern aspects of oriental reflexology.” It is not possible to provide points for Chinese bloodletting within the framework of the article, since this is tantamount to an attempt to briefly outline the entire theory of Chinese medical knowledge.
Cupping technique. The patient is placed in a comfortable position, the skin is treated with an antiseptic in the area of the desired point and a triangular needle is taken in the right hand, with which punctures are made with a depth of 2 - 3 mm. If the person is obese, then the punctures are made deeper, up to 4 - 5 mm. Then a blood-sucking jar with a mechanism for pumping out air is installed over the puncture, having previously lubricated the skin with vegetable oil for better suction of the jar. After installing the can, the air is pumped out, and it is suctioned, drawing a section of skin 1 - 3 cm inside itself. The cups are left on the skin until the bleeding stops, after which they are removed and a sterile bandage is applied to the puncture sites, leaving the person to lie down for about 15 to 20 minutes. After this, the person can go about their normal activities without eating for 2 hours. The course of treatment usually consists of 3 procedures performed every 5 to 7 days. It is recommended to carry out 1 – 2 courses of Chinese cupping therapy over the course of a year.
If there are no special blood-sucking jars, then they can be replaced with any ordinary ones, for example, medical jars, mayonnaise jars, canned vegetables, etc. Naturally, the jars must be clean. Just before placing such a jar on the skin, you should burn out the air inside it. To do this, wrap a large amount of cotton wool around a long object (for example, a lancet, medical clamp, pencil, etc.), moisten it in alcohol and set it on fire, making a kind of torch. This torch is inserted into the jar for 5 - 7 seconds, after which it is removed, and the jar is quickly placed on the skin so that it sticks.
The choice of points for cupping, as well as for capillary bloodletting, is determined by traditional Chinese medical knowledge. We cannot give all these points, since this would amount to a summary of the entire Chinese medical theory. But those who wish to familiarize themselves with bloodletting points can study the excellent manual in Russian by G. Luvsan, “Traditional and modern aspects of oriental reflexology.”
Tibetan bloodletting technique
Before bloodletting, preparation can be carried out, which consists of taking decoctions of medicinal herbs. Immediately before bloodletting, the person should be seated in a comfortable position in a warm room, the skin should be thoroughly washed and treated with an antiseptic in the area where the incision will be made. The manipulation is best carried out before 12-00 noon.Before bleeding, a tourniquet is applied to the vessel above the place where the incision will be made, gently squeezing the vein until a feeling of numbness appears. After numbness appears, wait a few seconds for the vein to swell and protrude clearly and clearly under the skin. Then the vein is rubbed in a circular motion, after which they press thumb and pull it down a little. After this, using a hanuur-hatchet, they cut the skin along with the wall of the vessel three fingers below the tourniquet and wait for the blood to appear. The tourniquet is not removed or loosened until the end of the manipulation. The blood is allowed to flow out until red-brown-pinkish blood comes out. Typically, as a result of manipulation, 30–50 ml of blood is removed, and the bleeding stops on its own.
If thick and oily blood flows out of the vessel, then the manipulation should be stopped immediately and carried out after some time, since in this case there will be no benefit to the person.
After the bloodletting is completed, remove the tourniquet, massage the wound with your finger, treat it with an antiseptic, place a cold object on top and secure it with a bandage. After bloodletting, the person is allowed to rest for 15–20 minutes, after which he can go about his usual activities, abstaining from food for 2 hours and completely abstaining from wine for 7–10 days.
The points for Tibetan bloodletting are not as numerous as for Chinese, so we can selectively give a few of them. Below will be indicated the points under serial numbers and the indications for which bloodletting should be done at them. The location of the points on the body will be shown in the pictures under the same serial numbers as in the list.
So, points for Tibetan bloodletting:
1.
Nasal vessel (No. 4, Fig. 5) – congestion, rhinitis, redness, adenoids and other nasal diseases;
2.
Temporal vessel (No. 6, Fig. 5) – diseases of the head, eyes, ears, cheeks, teeth, worms;
3.
Ear vessel (No. 7, Fig. 5) – ear diseases, deafness;
4.
Vessel of hollow organs (No. 15, Fig. 5) – diseases of the stomach, intestines, lungs and liver;
5.
Liver vessel (No. 20, Fig. 5) – diseases of the liver and spleen, copious discharge of the genital organs;
6.
Vessels of the genital organs (No. 28, Fig. 5) – diseases of the kidneys and uterus;
7.
Large vessel of the leg (No. 29, Fig. 5) - diseases of the intestines, uterus, blood, hemorrhoids, injuries, poisoning, ovarian tumors;
8.
Calf vessel (No. 31, Fig. 5) – diseases and injuries of the kidneys, lower back pain, endometriosis, leg pain.
Figure 5– Vessels for Tibetan bloodletting. 4 – nasal vessel; 6 – temporal vessel; 7 – ear vessel; 15 – vessel of hollow organs; 20 – liver vessel; 28 – vessels of the genital organs; 29 – large vessel of the leg; 31 – caviar vessel.
Hijama technique
General provisions. Islamic bloodletting is largely regulated by religious ideas, which are an important component of manipulation for believers, so they cannot simply be discarded. So, it is recommended to do hijama in the second half of the month, preferably on the 17th, 19th or 21st, on Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays. It is not recommended to perform hijama on Wednesdays, Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays, as this is indicated in the sacred texts of Muslims. However, if a person urgently needs to have bloodletting, then it is completely acceptable to perform hijama on any day.To make hijama, all instruments are sterilized, and the skin in the area of future punctures is washed with warm water and soap and wiped with an antiseptic. The person is seated comfortably on a chair or laid on a flat surface. The cups are placed on the skin in the area of future incisions for 30–40 seconds to provoke a rush of blood. Then the jars are removed, and small incisions are made in the area of the resulting redness with a lancet (Figure 2) or a scarifier. The cuts should be no more than 3–4 mm long and approximately 2–3 mm deep. After this, the cups are immediately placed on the skin above the incisions and left until the blood flows freely. When the blood has clotted, the cups are removed and the bloodletting procedure is considered complete. The skin in the area of the incisions is treated with an antiseptic and a bandage is applied.
Bloodletting can be done every 4 to 5 days until scarlet blood flows out of the incisions. However, usually a single bloodletting is done, which is repeated after a few months if necessary or at the request of the person. It is recommended not to eat for 2 hours before and after bloodletting.
Hijama should be done by a specialist, okay knowledgeable points, in which you need to do bloodletting for a particular ailment.
Hijama bloodletting points. Currently, there is an atlas of points for hijama, which we present below in Figures 6, 7 and 8.
Figure 6– Points for hijama on the body.
Figure 7– Location of hijama points on the head.
Figure 8– Points for hijama on the legs and arms.
- Rheumatism – points 1 and 55 + painful areas;
- Knee stiffness – points 1, 11, 12, 13 and 55. You can add points 53 and 54;
- Swelling – points 1, 55, 130. You can add points 9 and 10;
- Pain in the leg spreading from the buttock - points 1, 11, 12, 26, 51 and 55 for the right leg and points 1, 11, 13, 27, 52 and 55 for the left leg;
- Back pain – points 1 and 55 + painful areas;
- Pain in the neck or shoulder - points 1, 20, 21, 40 and 55;
- Gout – points 1, 28, 29, 30, 31, 55 and 121;
- Rheumatoid arthritis - points 1, 36, 49, 55 and 120;
- Paralysis of the upper body - points 1, 11, 12, 13, 34, 35 and 55;
- Paralysis of arms and legs - points 1, 11, 12, 13, 34, 35, 36 and 66;
- Immunodeficiency – points 1, 49, 55 and 120;
- Muscle spasms – points around damaged and painful muscles;
- Poor circulation – points 1, 10, 11 and 55;
- Hand trembling - points 1, 20, 21, 40 and 55;
- Tingling in the legs - points 1, 11, 12, 12, 26, 27 and 55;
- Abdominal pain – points 1, 7, 8, 55. Additionally, placing cups without bloodletting on points 137, 138, 139 and 140;
- Hemorrhoids – points 1, 6, 11, 55 and 121;
- Anal fistulas – points 1, 6, 11, 12, 13 and 55 + around the anus;
- Prostatitis and impotence - points 1, 6, 11, 12, 13 and 55. You can add points 125, 125 and 131 on the left and right legs, as well as cupping without bloodletting on points 140 and 143;
- Cough, bronchitis and lung diseases - points 1, 4, 5, 9, 10, 49, 55, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 135 and 136;
- High blood pressure - points 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 32, 48, 55, 101. Points 2 and 3 can be replaced with 43 and 44;
- Stomach diseases, including ulcers - points 1, 7, 8, 41, 42, 50, 55;
- Kidney diseases - points 1, 9, 10, 41, 42 and 55;
- Irritable bowel syndrome - points 1, 6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 45, 46, 48, 55;
- Chronic constipation – points 1, 11, 12, 13, 28, 29, 30, 31, 55;
- Diarrhea – points 137, 138, 139 and 140;
- Urinary incontinence – points 125, 126, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143;
- Depression, alienation, insomnia, nervousness and mental disorders - points 1, 6, 11, 32 and 55;
- Angiospasm and atherosclerosis – points 1, 11 and 55;
- Gastritis – points 1, 55 and 121;
- Drowsiness – points 1, 36 and 55;
- Food allergies - one can per belly button;
- Wounds, ulcers and abscesses on the legs - points 1, 55, 120 and 129;
- Diabetes mellitus – points 1, 6, 7, 8, 23, 24, 25, 49, 55 and 120;
- Heart diseases - points 1, 7, 8, 19, 46, 47, 119, 133, 134;
- Diseases of the liver and gall bladder - points 1, 5, 6, 41, 42, 46, 48, 51, 55, 122, 123, 124;
- Varicose veins – points 1, 28, 29, 30, 31, 55, 132;
- Varicocele – points 1, 6, 11, 12, 13, 28, 29, 30, 31, 55, 125, 126;
- Elephantiasis – points 1, 11, 12, 13, 49, 55, 120, 121. Additionally, you can bleed at points 53, 54, 125, 126 (before bleeding, rest for 2 days and keep the leg in warm water for 2 hours immediately before the procedure) ;
- Skin diseases - points 1, 6, 7, 8, 11, 49, 55, 120, 129;
- Excess weight – points 1, 9, 10, 49, 55, 120;
- Lack of body weight – points 1, 55 and 121;
- – point 39;
- Dumbness – points 1, 33, 36, 55, 107, 114;
- To facilitate the process of quitting smoking - points 1, 11, 32, 55 and 106;
- Cramps – points 1, 11, 12, 13, 32, 36, 55, 101, 107, 114;
- Mental retardation – points 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 13, 32, 36, 49, 55, 101, 120;
- Atrophy of brain cells – points 1, 11, 32, 34, 35, 36, 55, 101;
- Vaginal bleeding – points 1 and 55 + three cups without bloodletting under each mammary gland daily until the bleeding stops;
- Amenorrhea - points 1, 55, 129, 131, 135 and 136;
- Spotting brown vaginal discharge – points 1, 11, 12, 13, 49, 55 143 + three jars without bleeding under each mammary gland daily until the discharge stops;
- Menstrual cycle disorders – points 1, 55 + additional cupping without bloodletting at points 125, 126, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142 and 143;
- Stimulation of the ovaries – points 1, 11 and 55 + additional cupping without bloodletting at points 125 and 126;
- After surgery on the uterus, with painful menstruation, obstruction of the fallopian tubes, to stop lactation and with signs of menopause - points 1, 11, 12, 13, 6, 48, 49, 55 and 120. Additionally, you can place cups without bloodletting at points 125 and 126.
European bloodletting technique
The person must be placed in a comfortable position, and the arm from which blood will be drawn must be extended as much as possible and rested on a hard surface. Place a pad and oilcloth under the elbow. The skin in the puncture area is wiped with an antiseptic, a tourniquet is applied to the shoulder, a Dufault needle (large diameter) is inserted into the cubital vein, and a rubber tube is put on the back side, which is lowered into a container to collect blood. Before insertion into a vein, the needle is washed with a solution of sodium citrate to prevent blood clotting. Typically, 100–400 ml of blood is removed per bloodletting. After the manipulation is completed, the Dufault needle is removed from the vein, and the puncture site is covered with a bandage. For 15–20 minutes after bloodletting, you need to lie down and rest, since sudden movements may cause fainting.Bloodletting (hijama): benefits, what diseases it helps with, recommendations after the bloodletting procedure, reviews - video
Bleeding on the head
Bloodletting on the head is performed in the same way as on other parts of the body, observing the principles and rules of the chosen method (Chinese, Tibetan or Islamic). The only additional thing that may be needed for bloodletting on the points of the head is shaving the hair on the area of the skin where the incision will be made. It is recommended to shave the hair, because due to their presence, the cans can have poor suction, and blood can get on the hairs, be difficult to wash off with antiseptics and become a source of infection.Contraindications
Contraindications for production various types bloodletting are given in the table.| Contraindications to Chinese and Tibetan bloodletting | Contraindications to Islamic bloodletting | Contraindications to European bloodletting | |
| Severe exhaustion of a person | Low blood pressure (below 80 mmHg) | ||
| Immediately after severe injuries and poisoning | Severe anemia (hemoglobin below 80 mg/l) | Shock or collapse | |
| Alcoholism | Atherosclerosis | Blood diseases (except erythremia) | |
| Malignant tumors |
Treatment of certain diseases
Bleeding for stroke
For stroke in some individual cases against the background of intolerance medicines It is recommended to use European bloodletting, which turns out to be a fairly effective way to stop the further development of the pathological process and prevent death, and can also reduce the degree of damage to brain structures. However, at present this method is used extremely rarely, since there are other, much more effective ways treatment of strokes.Chinese, Tibetan and Islamic bloodletting are not used for strokes.
However, recently advice from a certain doctor Ha Bu Tin has appeared on the Internet, who recommends treating acute stroke with bloodletting. So, the doctor advises, if there are signs of a stroke, to prick the tips of all 10 fingers on both hands. You should prick your fingers at a distance of 1 mm from the nail, approximately in the middle of the pad. Next, Dr. Ha Bu Tin recommends getting blood to appear on all 10 fingers, for which you can massage them. In a few minutes, according to Ha Bu Tin, the person should wake up and the development of the stroke should stop.
If a person does not wake up after piercing his fingers, and his face is distorted, then you need to pull his ears and pierce his earlobes with any sharp object. This manipulation will definitely help stop the development of a stroke, and the person will come to his senses.
These recommendations are either a deliberate misleading of people, or an example of the extremely low qualifications of a doctor who has studied the Chinese medical tradition, since they will in no way help with a stroke, but will only cause harm due to the loss of time to call an ambulance. You should not follow these recommendations from Dr. Ha Bu Tin, as they are useless. If there are signs of a stroke, you need to call an ambulance or take the person yourself to a hospital where there is a department of acute stroke (acute cerebrovascular accidents).
Bleeding under pressure
European bloodletting in the past was performed only for hypertensive crises, and currently this method is not used at all for the treatment of high blood pressure, since there are others that are much more effective and safe.Chinese cupping and Tibetan bloodletting are successfully used in the treatment of hypertension. A course of 2 – 3 bloodlettings, performed according to the Chinese or Tibetan method with an interval of 5 – 7 days between them, could significantly improve the patient’s condition, lowering blood pressure, eliminating headaches, tinnitus, “spots” in front of the eyes and other unpleasant manifestations of hypertension. It is optimal to repeat such courses of therapy 2 times a year.
To treat hypertension using the Chinese cupping method, incisions are made at points VG14, JG14, V41, V13, V43, TR15, JG12, V54, VB30, the exact location of which must be determined from specialized literature on acupuncture. In one session, bloodletting is done from 1 - 2 points. It is optimal to do bloodletting at the points shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9– Points for Chinese cupping for hypertension.
To treat hypertension using the Tibetan bloodletting method, it is recommended to simultaneously open 2 veins - the vessel of the “golden and silver spear” in the forehead and the vessel “collecting six” on the forearm. These vessels are shown in Figures 10 and 11.
Figure 10– Vessel of “gold and silver spear”.
Figure 11– Vessel “collecting six”.
Islamic hijama bloodletting for the treatment of hypertension is also used. Hijama is performed as needed - once every 1 to 3 months. In this case, bloodletting is done from points 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 32, 48, 55 and 101, marked in Figures 6, 7 and 8.
Bloodletting with leeches (hirudotherapy): benefits, indications and contraindications, doctor's review - video
Seeing leather as a material in a dream portends strengthening friendship and prosperity in love.
Pieces and scraps of skin piled up in a heap portend good luck and happiness.
Processing leather in a dream means no changes in the course of your business, tanning it is a residue from an unpleasant meeting, sewing something from it means accumulating wealth through frugality.
Leather clothing on someone is good luck in the game and in everything related to money.
be dressed in leather clothes- lucky in love. Seeing suede products in a dream means your charms will conquer any man.
Safyan portends help from unexpected sources.
Black or dirty skin is a sign of adultery.
Cleaning or washing the skin means illness of loved ones.
If in a dream you cut or cut leather, in reality you will be drawn into a useless argument.
Buy leather or products made from it - in real life you will be persecuted.
Leather jewelry portends fidelity in love and harmony in family relationships.
If in a dream you focus your attention on human skin without any flaws, clean and beautiful, this means that in real life you will be the object of adoration of a prominent man.
Smooth and silky skin to the touch - to the fulfillment of desires regarding the creative side of life.
Old, loose and wrinkled skin indicates that you will successfully achieve old age.
Sick skin - to wealth; skin with scratches, bruises and scars - to ill-gotten money.
Torn and bleeding skin - to a rich groom and an imminent wedding.
Being treated for skin diseases in a dream promises health and profit.
Seeing a blister from a burn on the skin means unexpected events in personal life.
An abscess on the skin means drinking in fun company, boils mean trouble in the near future, insincerity of friends who are hiding something from you.
Sores on the skin mean that the disease will undermine your strength and bring mental exhaustion.
Warts on the skin indicate a danger threatening your honor; you will have to stand up for yourself so as not to tarnish your good name and overcome all obstacles on the path to success.
Skin covered with lichen means false hopes and disappointment in a loved one.
Skin affected by smallpox means that unexpected and rare disease, because of which all your plans will go down the drain.
Seeing skin worn away by leprosy means doing something that will bring concern not only to you personally, but to your entire family.
Skin covered with a rash from scabies is a sign of fear of failure in a business that you have never done before.
Scratching your skin to the point of ulcers, experiencing unbearable itching, means that in reality you will find yourself in bad company and get into a lot of trouble.
Seeing skin completely covered with moles means an addition to the family.
Big birthmark on the skin portends twins.
The skin of your face or hands dotted with freckles means you will experience a funny adventure in reality.
Tanned skin means you will have a successful vacation; white and pale skin means frustration from an insult caused by a loved one.
Seeing your skin as black as a black woman’s means that in real life you will be mistaken for someone else.
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“Nobody understands me (hears me, doesn’t love me, doesn’t respect me, doesn’t notice me)”, “I’m ugly (stupid, stupid, fat, thin, good for nothing)”, “Nobody needs me (I’m in everyone’s way, everyone hates me) , I got everyone)”, “I don’t need anyone either (everyone got me).” From time to time such thoughts come to the minds of all teenagers. But for some they become an obsession, a mania.
Dangerous examples from social networks play their role. For example, popular photos Jungkook in VK, which show scars on the face and marks on the hands of a young popular performer, depressive pictures, poems about suicide and the destruction of one’s own body. And then the child decides to take a desperate act, without thinking about its consequences.
The adults who are nearby should do this for him. It’s too late to blame yourself for the missed moment; all the most tragic things have already happened. And now, if you find a cut vein in a teenager’s arms, you need to act urgently to prevent the tragedy from being fatal.
First aid
If a cut on the wrist is found, what to do, how to treat a teenager? First of all, you should not panic, scream or swear. It is necessary to examine the affected limbs and provide the necessary first aid.
If the cuts affected the veins, you should immediately call an ambulance and hospitalize the teenager. Wounding a vein on any part of the body leads to large blood loss and irreversible consequences; with serious wounds in adolescents, you will not be able to stop the bleeding at home on your own. If the veins are intact, you can do without doctors, everything will remain within the confines of your family and apartment.
You will need the following:
- Inspect cuts for dirt and contamination. foreign objects. If any are found, they are removed with tweezers or a sterile bandage twisted into a tourniquet.
- Wash the surface of the skin with hydrogen peroxide or another antiseptic.
- If you don’t have anything at hand, you can disinfect it with vodka, medical alcohol, or chamomile infusion. Or, as a last resort, just soapy water.
- If the bleeding does not stop after this and a lot of blood still flows out, you should apply a pressure bandage to the wound. You can simply press it with your fingers through a napkin.
- Small cuts on the wrist are covered with a plaster. Extensive wounds should be bandaged.
Such measures will help avoid infection and suppuration. This is extremely important; infected cuts on the hands with a blade can cause an abscess and widespread sepsis of the body. A teenager can lose a limb and even die if the infection spreads throughout the body.
Important: in addition to veins, cuts on the hands can damage tendons. Such an injury threatens partial or complete loss of arm mobility. Tendons do not fuse or heal on their own; surgical assistance from a surgeon is required. Therefore, if the arm does not bend or the fingers are numb and do not move, you will still have to go to the emergency room.
What to do next
Light, small cuts on the wrists do not require any special treatment. It is enough to regularly treat them with antiseptics, for example, brilliant green, change the patch and bandages.
Strong, deep cuts on a guy’s or girl’s wrists take a longer period of time to heal; you won’t be able to quickly get rid of wounds and marks. It can be accelerated if, in addition to antiseptic solutions for rinsing and disinfection, special ointments are used. What drugs should I pay attention to? Healing is promoted by:
- Solcoseryl. An ointment based on calf plasma extract helps to quickly heal deep cuts without consequences. A thin protective film forms on the surface of the wounds, blocking the path of pathogenic microorganisms from the outside. And under the film there will be an active process of wound healing and tissue restoration thanks to the active components in the product that stimulate metabolic processes. The ointment has contraindications, so you must read the instructions carefully before use.
- Vishnevsky ointment. It does not directly promote tissue restoration, it acts more like an antiseptic, but this is also very important in the healing process. The wounds will not fester and become inflamed, and will heal faster.
- Rescuer. Helps well with shallow cuts and abrasions. It also protects against infection in open wounds and inflammation, accelerates metabolic processes and thereby stimulates the rapid healing of skin damage.
Any of the listed products is applied in a fairly thick layer to the damaged areas of the skin, and a bandage is applied on top. It needs to be changed at least 2 times a day. Cuts heal from 2 days to 2-3 weeks.
How to hide the consequences
Naturally, no one wants to answer unnecessary questions at school, from mom or neighbors, about what these suspicious stripes are on the child’s forearms or legs. Therefore, the most important question is often how to get rid of characteristic scars. You can disguise small marks from a blade on your hand using a regular foundation with a dense texture.
The following methods are also used:
- green dense corrector to disguise acne, and on top - powder or foundation;
- artistic tattoos;
- bracelets, baubles;
- clothing with long sleeves.
Later, when the cuts are completely healed and tightened, you can laser resurfacing skin. But first you will still have to consult with a good dermatologist to determine how safe and effective the procedure will be.
Summary
If a boy or girl between the ages of 13 and 17 inflicts cuts on their hands with a blade, even small and frivolous ones, not related to a suicide attempt, this is an alarming signal for everyone nearby. How to remove scars on the body is an important, but easily solvable question.
It is more important to find out why the teenager is doing this. Hide the cuts under foundation, tattoos or, at worst, long sleeves - only a small part of the enormous work that will need to be done with a teenager.
As practice shows, very rarely parents can cope with the situation on their own - children do not open up to mom or dad. You need the help of an outsider, definitely an older man or woman. This could be an older brother, sister, uncle or aunt, grandmother, even a coach sports section. Sometimes the only way out is to seek help from a professional. Now there are special rehabilitation centers for children who have suffered from the influence of social networking communities and are prone to self-harm and suicide.
