It is no secret that for many parents the question of how to get their child to do his homework is particularly pressing. And this is not an idle question. After all, often preparing homework becomes a big challenge for the whole family.

Remember how many tears and worries it took to learn what century Yuri Dolgoruky was born in or how to calculate an integral equation! How many children remember their school years, teachers who tormented them with exorbitant homework, parents who forced them to do this work under pressure! Let's not repeat these mistakes. But how can you teach your children to learn? Let's try, with the help of psychologists, to give some answers to these difficult questions.

Why does the child refuse to work?

The first question that parents must answer for themselves is why does not the child want to study at home? There are a great many answers to it.

A child may simply be afraid of making a mistake when doing homework, he may simply be lazy, be afraid of the parents themselves, he may simply lack motivation for homework. Also, the child may simply be tired because he has a very heavy academic load, because, in addition to regular school, he attends a music institution, an art club and a chess section. It’s like A. Barto’s, “Drama circle, photo circle...”. Here, indeed, there are a lot of things for a child to do, so he has to unconsciously give up something. So he refuses to do his homework.

However, schoolchildren have plenty of other reasons for refusing to complete their homework. But parents must go through all the options in their minds and find the only correct answer that suits the character of their child. Moreover, it should be remembered that homework V modern school- this is a very difficult task; often, to complete it, the efforts of literally all family members are needed. After all, programs are becoming more and more complicated, even in the first grade today a child should already read about 60 words per minute. It's in the third quarter! But before, our mothers and fathers, being first-graders themselves, only learned to add letters.

Well, if parents have identified the reasons why the child refuses to do homework, then they need to accustom themselves to patience and understand that a difficult mission awaits them as home tutors.

Let's talk about motivation

The key to success in in this case- this is a positive motivation for the child to do homework. It takes a lot of effort to build this motivation. First of all, these efforts are based on positive school experiences. If things are not going well for your child at school, then he will perceive homework as a continuation of school torture.

Therefore, positive motivation is developed, first of all, within the walls of school, and only then at home. Here we can talk about the need for close interaction between school and family.

Well, what should those parents do who understand that they cannot find an answer to the question of how to force their child to do homework without scandals, due to the fact that the child simply does not like the school that he is forced to go to every day? Such parents can be advised to resolve this issue fundamentally, even to the extent of changing schools or finding another teacher.

In general, fathers and mothers need to be very sensitive in matters of schooling. It also happens that in the class a child gets the unenviable role of a “stuffed animal”, a “whipping boy”, relationships with classmates do not work out, and those around you offend your child. Naturally, he doesn’t want to study at all. After all, how can you go to school if you are not loved and offended there? What kind of proper homework is that...

Does age play a role?

Much in this issue decides the age at which the child himself is. It happens, for example, that a child does not want to do his homework; the 1st grade in which he is currently studying simply has not yet formed the correct positive motivation. In this case, it is much easier to interest such a first-grader than an older student.

In general, parents of first-graders need to remember that their children are going through an adaptation process in the first quarter. Therefore, the problem of how to force a child to do his homework without scandals is not yet so significant. There will be scandals in this case. But there is a chance that they will stop when your son or daughter goes through the difficult process of adaptation to first grade.

Also, parents of first-graders need to remember that 1st grade is the “golden time” on which all future successes or failures of their child depend. After all, this is the period when your son or daughter understands what school is, why they need to study, what they want to achieve in their class. The personality of the first teacher is also very important in this matter. It is a wise and kind teacher who can become for your child that guide to the world of knowledge, the person who will show the way to life. Therefore, the personality of such a teacher is very important for children! If a first-grader is afraid of his teacher and does not trust him, then this will certainly have a very bad effect on his studies and desire to complete his homework.

How to get a high school child to do his homework?

But this is a more complex question. After all, parents can still put pressure on the baby, they can force him, ultimately using their authority, but what about the offspring who is in adolescence? After all, nothing can force such a child to study. Yes, it is much more difficult to cope with a teenager. This requires patience, tact, and the ability to understand. Parents need to think about the question of how to do homework with their child without yelling, because perhaps they themselves often simply provoke conflict, unable to stand it and blaming their grown-up son or daughter for all the sins. And teenagers react very sharply to criticism, it is difficult for them to cope with it, and in the end they simply refuse to do the work that is assigned at home at school.

The transitional age in which schoolchildren are from 12 to 14-15 years old can seriously affect the student’s academic performance. At this moment, children experience serious physical and psychological stress; they are often experiencing their first crush and strive to impress their peers. What kind of study is there? And parents at this age become peculiar opponents for their children, because the teenager strives to break away from his family and gain the right to manage his own life. Overly authoritarian parents in this case begin to put a lot of pressure on their children to call them to obedience. But they do not always achieve this obedience, and it happens that the child begins to protest. And often refusal to do homework is a consequence of this protest.

Develop responsibility in children

A good help for all parents who want to improve their relationship with their child, and at the same time make sure that their son or daughter studies well, is to find the answer to the question of how to teach a child to do homework on his own? After all, if you teach your child from the very first years at school that he himself must be responsible for his actions, then perhaps this responsibility will accompany him throughout the remaining school years. In general, it is very important to teach children to understand that in life everything depends on their actions, on their desires and aspirations.

Think about why your child is studying, what did you instill in him? Have you told him that he is studying for the career that awaits him in the vague future? Have you explained to him that the process of learning is a kind of work, difficult work, the result of which will be knowledge about the world of people that cannot be bought with money? Think about what you talk to your child about, what do you teach him?

Therefore, before analyzing the problem of what to do with him if a child does not learn his lessons, try to understand yourself. And don’t forget about the example you set for your children. After all, your attitude towards work and housework will also become a kind of incentive for your children to study. Therefore, demonstrate with all your appearance that studying has always been an activity that interests you, continue to study with your children, even if you are already 40 years old!

Use methodological techniques!

Of course, it is worth remembering modern methodological techniques. There are a great many such techniques. Most of them, however, are aimed at helping younger children school age. These are various games that are played before and after homework, stimulating children’s cognitive activity, retellings, etc. An old methodological technique is to create a daily routine for a child. Even your first-grader child should know how much time he has for school, extracurricular activities, games and, of course, homework. After all, you, being preoccupied with the problem of how to get your child to do his homework, should help in every possible way with this.

Don't do your homework instead of your son or daughter!

Very often parents make another pedagogical mistake. From a very early age, they teach their child to do homework with him instead of him. The child quickly understands that his task is simply to do - rewrite what his mother or father has already prepared for him. Don't make this mistake! In this way, you teach your child that without difficulty, at the expense of others, you can achieve a lot in life. And it turns out, as in Dragunsky’s story “Vasya’s dad is strong...”. Don't be such dads and moms. Remember, you must know the answer to the question of how to teach your child to do his homework on his own. This is your parental duty!

Another common mistake is the excessive ambition of parents who want to make young geniuses out of their children at all costs. Moreover, such parents often simply “break” the psyche of their children themselves, simply forgetting that they should be concerned with the problem of how to teach a child to do his homework, and not about how to raise young talent in all subjects.

Very often, homework in such families turns into torture for children. Mom or dad forces their son or daughter to rewrite the same task several times, trying to achieve perfect completion, parents find fault with little things, they are stingy with praise. So what can children do in this case? Of course, after some time, the children refuse to work, fall into hysterics, showing with all their appearance that they simply cannot become young geniuses, as their parents want them to do. But this is still in the easiest case. But it happens that parents instill in their children an “excellent or excellent student complex,” setting tasks that their children simply cannot complete.

For example, an ambitious mother, who raised her son alone all her life, dreams of him becoming a great violinist and performing in concerts all over the world. Her son is indeed successfully studying at a music school, but he could not rise above the level of a music school, let’s say: he simply did not have enough talent and patience. What should a mother do, who in her imagination has already elevated her son to the rank of great musicians of our time? She doesn’t need an ordinary loser son... And how can you blame him? young man is it that nature did not make him a genius?

Or another example. Parents dream of their daughter defending her doctorate thesis. Moreover, the scientific direction within which this should be done is not even entirely important to them. Girl with youth inspire this family dream, they demand miraculous results from her in her scientific career, but the girl has intellectual abilities only above average, her pursuit of an academic degree ends in a mental hospital.

Agree that these examples are sad, but they are the very flesh of our real life. Often, very often, parents do this to their children.

What if the subject is simply not given?

It also happens that a subject is simply not given to a child. Well, your son or daughter has no talent for physics or chemistry, for example. What to do in this case? How can you force a child to do his homework if he doesn’t understand anything, if he simply doesn’t understand how to solve this or that task? Here parental patience alone is no longer enough. You need restraint, tact and another person who can explain a difficult task to the child. In this case, it would be wisest for parents to hire a tutor for their son or daughter so that he can help resolve this issue in a positive way.

Is it possible to do homework for money or gifts?

Recently, parents have begun to use simple way manipulation, which is simply called bribery. Its essence lies in the fact that a father or mother, without thinking about an objective solution to the question of how to properly do homework with a child, simply seek to bribe their child with various promises. These can be either sums of money or just gifts: a cell phone, a bicycle, entertainment. However, it is worth warning all parents against this method of influencing children. This is ineffective because the child will begin to demand more and more over and over again. There is a lot of homework every day, and now your child is no longer satisfied with just a smartphone, he needs an iPhone, and he has the right to it, after all, he studies, he will fulfill all school requirements, etc. And then, imagine how harmful the habit of demanding some kind of handout from parents for their daily work, which is the responsibility of the child.

What should parents do? Psychologist's opinion

Experienced psychology experts advise parents to help their child do his homework. You need to help wisely and with a loving heart. In general, a sense of proportion is ideal here. In this case, the parent must be strict, and demanding, and kind, and fair. He must have patience, remember tact, respect his child’s personality, not strive to make a genius out of his son or daughter, and understand that each person has his own character, inclinations and abilities.

It is very important to show your child that he is always dear to his parents. You can tell your son or daughter that his father or mother is proud of him, proud of his educational successes and believes that he can overcome all his educational difficulties on his own. And if there is a problem in the family - the child does not do his homework, the advice of a psychologist will come in handy in resolving it.

Finally, all parents should remember that children always need our support. Studying for a child is a real job with its problems, ups, successes and downs. Children change greatly during their schooling, they acquire new character traits, learn not only to understand the world, but also to learn. And of course, on this path, children should be helped by both teachers and their closest and most faithful comrades - parents!

In just a year, a child turns from a tiny fool into a fully developed person with all the basic skills necessary for life.

• Per month he tries to hold his head up, and he does this especially well while lying on his tummy.
• At two he manages to briefly lift his head and chest from the surface on which he lies, again, on his tummy.
• At three After a month, some manage to roll over on their side on their own.
• At four– almost all children easily change their body position, turning over from their back to their side.
• Closer to the year Most babies walk and even run well.

The peak development of children under one year old falls at approximately 5-6 months of life. At this time, they begin to understand how to control their body and are almost completely ready for new “big” skills, which means that parents will have a completely logical question: how to teach a child to sit? This is what we will try to answer.

From this article you will learn:

Many of us are impatient to sit down our little one, and there is a reasonable explanation for this. All that a baby sees when lying in his crib or cradle is the ceiling, the edge of the room, his parents looking in, as well as tree branches, clouds and the sky while walking.

Only changing the position of his body helps to add variety to the life of a little person. The first thing they practice with children after “rolling” in their arms is sitting.

There is an opinion that you shouldn’t start sitting down girls until they turn 6 months. At this time, there is a risk of provoking the development of uterine bending in them. With boys things are different, already at 5 month As they develop, they can be gradually prepared for full sitting.

Determining a child’s readiness to master the science of sitting is very simple.

A round back and a fall on his side at the first attempt to sit him down indicate that the baby is not ready to change his body position from horizontal to vertical, but if he lies confidently and for a long time on his stomach, holding his head, he rises onto his arms, lifting him off the hard surface. surface of the chest, rests on the elbows and knows how to roll over from back to side and back, then we can confidently say that without help, the baby is ready to learn to sit.

We act smoothly, without rushing

Parents often train their children to sit independently by covering them with pillows on all sides, but this often ends with them simply falling over on their side.

As already mentioned above - this is evidence that the child is not ready to sit. In addition, such early experimental attempts to plant a baby can end in failure, namely the development of problems with the spine, including scoliosis, and therefore it is better to abandon them immediately.

In order for the learning process to go smoothly, there is no need to rush; it is better to start with the basics. First of all, physically prepare your baby for sitting, that is, conduct frequent short-term training with him, which will help strengthen the muscles of the back, neck and abdomen.

For these purposes, a whole complex has been developed special exercises that the baby can successfully perform together with his parents.

But, before starting the exercises themselves, it’s worth thoroughly “warming up” the baby using simple massage and gymnastics that you do daily.

Stroke the arms, legs, tummy and back - activate the circulatory system, spread the arms to the sides and up, cross them on the chest, gently bend and straighten the legs at the knees, spread the bent legs to the side and fold them together, according to the principle of opening a book, imitate walking , resting your feet on a hard surface, touch your bent knees to the pile of the cage and do the “bicycle” exercise.

In general, conduct standard activities with your child, which take no more than 5-10 minutes.

After the body is ready to “work”, you can begin performing exercises that train the necessary muscles.

We prepare and teach the child to sit

Exercises on how to teach a child to sit are familiar to many. These include:

Pull-ups

The child is placed on his back. Mom holds out her hands to him, and the baby grabs hers. thumbs. In this position, the baby will certainly try to pull himself closer to his mother. Here it is important to fix the hand well, keep the arms motionless and give the child the opportunity to rise on his own, slightly pulling him towards you.

Since tiny arms are still weak, there is no need to overdo it with lifting. A few approaches are enough, after which the baby should rest.

Push-ups

Lay a blanket on the floor and place your baby on it, tummy down. He will try to rise up on his hands, lifting his chest off the floor. This way you will get mini-push-ups, in which the child’s back will gradually become stronger.

Strengthening your back and neck

On the same blanket, in the same body position, place bright toys, colorful books, pictures, in a word, everything that might interest the baby, at a distance of twenty to thirty centimeters from the baby.

In trying to reach the target, he will have to use the main muscle groups that are necessary for sitting, which means that performing such an exercise for 2-4 minutes 2-3 times a day will significantly strengthen them and prepare the child for the next stage of training.

Remember the position

Place the child on your lap so that he rests well on you. You can stay in this position for 2-3 minutes at the initial stages of training (at the age of 5 months), and up to 20 minutes a day, with gradual increase the period of time for babies is from six months.

Day after day, this position will become more and more familiar to the baby, and you can help him hold it on his own, gradually reducing the support with your hands.

Training perseverance

This exercise can be done both on your hands and on a hard surface. Sit the baby down and secure his legs with one hand, clasp his hand with the other hand so that he firmly grasps the thumb your hand. Now the child can be gently rocked - smoothly left, right, forward, backward.

The exercise should take no more than 2-3 minutes. Such simple actions will help not only force the baby to hold his body in a straight position, thereby alternately straining the abs, oblique abdominal muscles, neck and back muscles, but will also allow him to train his vestibular apparatus.

Tilts

The lateral muscles of the core and back muscles are strengthened by bending. In order to perform the exercise correctly, you need to turn the child with his back to you and put him on his legs. With one hand the mother secures the baby above the knee, with the other she supports him under the chest.

Now you can slowly tilt the baby until the back reaches a horizontal position, after which it should be returned to its original vertical position. You can repeat the tilts 8-10 times.

Maintaining a sitting position

The last exercise on how to teach a child to sit is suitable for six-month-old children.

To complete it, you will need to sit the baby on the sofa and secure him with a high pillow, which will become his main support. As soon as the child sits up straight with his legs stretched out in front of him, invite him to hold your hands. First, try rocking him so that he can hold himself while sitting.

Now you can pose a more difficult task: invite your child to get his favorite toy. To do this, take it into your free hand and lift it a little higher than the one the baby is holding on to. The main goal is to get him to let go of you and try to get the toy, while maintaining a sitting position.

At first it will be difficult to do this for him, but the more often you do it this exercise, the better the child’s coordination of movements will become.

We have already talked about how to teach a child to sit. Complement your activities with a good mood and positive attitude, spend them in an unobtrusive game form. Accompany all your actions kind words, praise, song or poem. This way you will not only enjoy the exercise, but also contribute to mental development baby and establish emotional contact with him.

Don't force children to sit if they don't want to. Do not break the natural course of things if the child does not like your aspirations to teach him. Coercion will not end well.

Remember that babies learn to sit, on average, at 6-8 months. Children who are weak from birth master the process of sitting later.

If you do regular exercises, the child will delight his parents with a new, honed skill by the age of 7 months, so go for it, and one fine day your child will greet the morning, sitting in his crib and smiling from the top of his toothless or toothy mouth!

Growing up, the baby goes through important stages of development. At first he holds the bottle with his own hands, but soon the time comes to teach the little one to eat on his own without the help of adults. For a mother, this is a complex and responsible process, so she will need useful tips and lessons on self-feeding.

How to understand that a child is ready to eat on his own?

It is impossible to unequivocally answer the question of at what age it is time to give a baby a spoon. It depends on the level of development and on the curiosity of the child himself. Some children grab a spoon already at the age of six months, although they still cannot really hold it, others refuse cutlery until the age of 2. There are also children who begin to eat on their own only at 3-4 years old.

However, there is no need to delay training. How earlier child starts eating without the help of adults, the easier it will be for mom. In addition, these .

Experts advise teaching a child to hold a spoon from the age of 9-10 months. In this case, by the age of 1.5 years he will be able to confidently use cutlery.

Watch the baby, make sure that the child is “ripe” for a spoon and a cup. Only if he is ready can training begin. If he is already interested in food, takes pieces of food and pulls them into his mouth, tries to snatch a spoon from his mother’s hands - he is ripe to eat on his own. Of course, mom will feed you faster, and at first the baby will scatter food all over the kitchen. However, all parents will still have to go through this stage. Therefore, it is better not to miss the moment.

Instructions for parents who want to teach their child to eat with a spoon

When the baby begins to reach for a spoon, he is ready to try to eat on his own. If you do everything correctly, within a few months the child will learn to use cutlery. No matter how valuable your time is to you, no matter how much you want to keep the kitchen clean - don’t miss the moment! If the baby demands a spoon, give him a spoon. And then - follow the instructions.

• Be patient. Handles one year old baby have not yet become stronger. At first it will be very difficult for him to hold the spoon, and he will miss it past his mouth. Training will take from 1 to 6 months;
• Train in different places. A great way to teach a child something is to turn the process into an educational game. Encourage your little one to feed the plastic bunnies sand using a shovel while he or she is playing on the playground. This will improve his coordination of movements, which will be useful later in a real kitchen;
• Don't leave your baby alone with a full plate- he may choke or become capricious because he cannot eat. In addition, at first the child will still be able to bring no more than 3-4 spoons to his mouth. Then he will get tired and you will have to help him;
• Choose the right food. The consistency of the food should be such that the child can scoop it up with a spoon and bring it to his mouth. The baby will spill the soup and take pieces of food with his hands. Therefore, opt for thick porridge, puree or cottage cheese. Do not place a full plate in front of the child at once, but rather add food to it a little at a time;
• Don't forget the fork. Alternate cutlery to help your baby develop faster fine motor skills hands At breakfast, did your child try to pick up the porridge with a spoon? For lunch, have him eat fish balls using a safety fork;
• Involve everyone in your household in the training. If you teach your toddler to use cutlery, and grandma continues to feed him with a spoon, the process will drag on. The baby will not understand why he should try to do something himself if there are adults for this. Explain your teaching principles to everyone in the family and ask them to follow them too;
• Follow the schedule. Feed your baby at exactly the same time every day, constantly reinforcing the acquired skills. This way you can develop a habit in your baby. In addition, eating on a schedule improves digestion;
• Avoid coercion. During the learning process, the child will sometimes be capricious and refuse to eat on his own. If this happens, feed him yourself and postpone training until the next meal. When a child is not in a good mood, it will still not be possible to teach him something;
• Have lunch with the whole family. It will be easier for your baby to master a spoon if he sees how other people use it. He will unwittingly begin to imitate them. For the same reason, in kindergartens, children quickly learn to eat independently and go to the potty;
• Make up games to whet the toddler’s interest in learning. You can buy him a plate with a funny picture on the bottom and offer him to eat the porridge to see the surprise;
• Start training with your child’s favorite food and only on an empty stomach. The baby will not want to put in the effort to eat something tasteless, especially if he has no appetite;
• Praise the child even for minor successes. To please his mother again, he will try his best;
• Keep your kitchen cozy. Buy a colored one and put it on the table beautiful tablecloth, decorate the dish. Little things like this improve your mood and improve your appetite.

Algorithm of actions

To make it easier for parents to teach their child to feed themselves, experts have developed detailed instructions:

1. Lay an oilcloth on the table and put a bib on the child.
2. Scoop a spoonful of porridge from the child's plate and eat it, smacking your lips with pleasure and feigning delight.
3. Give the spoon to the toddler. While he cannot hold it, hold his palm with your hand, help him scoop up food and bring it to his mouth. Help until the child can hold the device independently.
4. When your baby's hands become stronger, teach him how to hold a spoon correctly - not in his fist, but with his fingers.
5. When giving your child a spoon, take another one yourself. While your child is learning to eat on his own, help him with another spoon. That is, one spoon for him, one for you.

At first, the baby will simply play with a spoon - stirring the porridge in a plate, smearing it on the face and table. Give him time to get used to the cutlery. If you're tired of your child constantly turning over dishes, put a plate with a suction cup on the table.

In the same way, you can teach your toddler to use a fork and a sippy cup (). Start with small portions, make sure your child is interested, and never show your resentment over soiled clothes and furniture.

Note to moms!

Hello girls) I didn’t think that the problem of stretch marks would affect me too, and I’ll also write about it))) But there’s nowhere to go, so I’m writing here: How did I get rid of stretch marks after childbirth? I will be very glad if my method helps you too...

Cutlery to help your baby

For the child you need to select special dishes and cutlery. The main requirements are safety and bright design, which will stimulate the little one’s interest in learning. To set the table, parents will need:

• Plate made of food-grade heat-resistant plastic. It should be bright, preferably with images of your child’s favorite cartoon characters. To see them, the little one will quickly eat all the porridge. It’s good if the plate has a suction cup for attaching to the tabletop and an inclined bottom - it’s convenient to scoop food out of it;
• Non-spill cup made of non-toxic materials. It is recommended to choose a model with two handles - it is more convenient to hold such a little one. Make sure that the cup has a silicone or soft plastic spout without burrs, otherwise your baby risks scratching his gums. An additional advantage will be the presence of a rubber stand, which gives the dishes stability;
• Anatomically shaped spoon made of safe plastic. To prevent it from falling out of a child’s palm, it must have a rounded, non-slip handle;
• Curved fork made of non-toxic plastic. Choose a product with rounded teeth to prevent the child from getting hurt;
• Comfortable children's high chair. The one that comes with the table will not work. The child should sit at the same table with adults to watch them eat and imitate them;
• Waterproof bib. Many babies resist feeding and rip their bibs off. Therefore, it is better to choose a colored bib with cartoon characters. It is good if it is made of soft and flexible plastic, and the lower edge of the product is slightly curved upward - this way all the food will remain in the bib and will not stain your clothes.

What to do if a child refuses to eat on his own?

Children are different. Many people reach for a spoon, perceiving it as just another toy. There are also those who flatly refuse to pick up cutlery. In any case, you should not force your baby to eat on his own. Parental pressure will lead to the baby developing a negative attitude towards eating.

If your child is already one year old and still refuses to take a spoon, try this trick:

1. Feed the baby yourself, let the baby relax, and try again after a couple of days.
2. Ask your baby's siblings to show him how they deftly use spoons.
3. Organize children's party- in the company of friends, the child will be able to practice skills.

Although coercion is unacceptable, it is also not worth putting off learning to feed yourself for a long time. This skill is important for general development child and for his social adaptation.

Rules for neatness and safety at the table

A small child will not be able to behave at the table like an aristocrat. However, parents can teach him to eat carefully and follow the rules of hygiene. Just follow these conditions:

• Teach your child by example how to hold a spoon and fork, how to eat, drink from a cup, wipe with a napkin;
• Wash your hands before eating- for yourself and the baby. This should become his habit;
• Follow your diet. Eat only in the kitchen and at certain times. This is important for appetite and strong nervous system child;
• Eat in a relaxed environment. Don't let your child watch cartoons, indulge and get distracted during lunch;
• Repeat the rituals: The mother washes the child’s hands, sits him on a chair, ties a bib on him, and puts a plate of food on the table. It is important to explain all actions so that the baby understands their meaning ();
• Decorate the table and dishes- it stimulates appetite. Lay a fresh tablecloth on the table, put a napkin holder, beautifully lay out dishes on plates;
• Gather at one table with the whole family. Make lunches and dinners with your loved ones family tradition. Sit down at the table in good mood When eating, take your time and chew all the pieces thoroughly. This way you can enjoy the taste of the dishes and help your digestion;
• Do not pick up food that has fallen on the floor. Teach your baby not to pick up food from the floor. What falls may go into a dog or cat's bowl, but not into a person's;
• Gradually give your child new utensils and dishes. When a baby is only 1 year old, he only needs plates and sippy cups. However, by the age of 2, he already needs his own fork, teaspoons, tablespoons, and mug, like adults;
• Follow order and etiquette rules. Teach your child to be neat at the table and to wipe himself with napkins when he gets dirty. Reprimand your child if he rocks in his chair, plays with his food, puts his elbows on the table, or takes something from someone else's plate. Let the whole family follow the rules of good manners - and for your son or daughter they will become natural.

Parents' mistakes, or how not to teach a child to eat with a spoon

Teaching a baby to eat on his own is difficult, and many parents make mistakes at first. Use the experience of other mothers and fathers - and you will significantly speed up and facilitate the educational process.

1. Don't rush your child when he eats. Phrases like “chew faster, I need to wash the dishes” should disappear from your vocabulary. It is important to chew food thoroughly so that it is well digested, and this takes time. In addition, the meal itself is a great opportunity for the mother to communicate with the baby and give him her care.
2. Don't stop studying. If you have started teaching your child to use a spoon, continue to follow your path. Don't give in to laziness, don't look for excuses. Explain to all family members that from now on the baby will eat without their help.
3. Don't force your child to take a spoon. If he is full, sick or just naughty, leave the baby alone. A lesson on independence can always be rescheduled.
4. Don't scold your child for getting food dirty, even if he was spoiling himself. These are temporary difficulties, because soon the baby will learn to eat like adults. Your aggression will scare the child, and he will lose all motivation to learn.
5. Don't allow the TV to be turned on while you eat. Cartoons and any programs distract the baby, but he needs concentration to learn how to use a spoon.
6. Don't put a huge portion on your plate. It is better to give your child less porridge, and then add more if he asks.
7. Don't give in to childish blackmail. Kids try to control their parents with the help of whims. Thus, a child who already knows how to use a spoon and fork perfectly can declare that he will only eat a cutlet, but not soup. This means that the baby is not hungry, so feel free to remove the plate.
8. Do not force your child to eat the entire portion. He eats as much as his body needs for normal functioning. If your baby pushes the plate away, it means he is full, even if there is a third of the portion left there.
9. Don't use double standards. If on a trip you allow your child sweets for lunch instead of soup, then at home it should be exactly the same. If in your kitchen you turn a blind eye to the fact that your baby is wiping his dirty face on the tablecloth, do not make comments to him when you are visiting.

The main advice for parents whose children have begun to master the spoon is not to panic if the training is delayed. Over time, the baby will definitely learn to eat on his own.

Don't forget: skill comes with experience. It is best to select types of food that stick better to the spoon. Remember: it’s normal to start learning to eat with a fork and spoon and getting everything around you dirty!

Video: how to teach a child to eat himself

1. STAGE I. From 6 months you should always give your baby a spoon. The child must definitely touch the food with his hand; do not forbid him to do so.
2. Stage II. From 7-8 months, the child will try to lower the spoon into the plate and pull it into his mouth. Dip the spoon into the food and, at first, help him try to bring the spoon into his mouth with his hand.
3. Stage III. Start eating in front of your child so that he copies your behavior. Let the baby watch you, watch how you chew and put the spoon in your mouth. Show your empty plate and then start feeding the baby. Very quickly the child begins to eat himself while watching his mother.

Our expert - clinical psychologist, art therapist Tatyana Chalik.

The environment in which a child studies at home is significantly different from school. You can get up and move at any time, mom doesn’t give you bad grades, and no one punishes you for peeking in your textbook. This creates an atmosphere of freedom, which, on the one hand, develops interest in knowledge, and on the other hand, is fraught with irresponsibility.

How to make time spent working on lessons productive?

In junior school

1. The child should know that every day, upon returning home, after a short rest (an hour and a half), he will sit down for his homework. By this time he will have had time to rest from school activities, but will not yet get tired and overexcited from entertainment and games. If the child is busy with any other important matters– goes to music school or drawing, for example, you can sit down to prepare your homework later. But in any case, you can’t put it off until the evening. For children who study in the second shift, it is best to do their homework in the morning.

Adaptation of a first-grader to school can take six months. All this time, parents need to help their children adhere to the new regime.

2. To successfully complete homework, a clear rhythm of work is necessary. For example, after 25 minutes of studying, a primary school student should take a break for 5-10 minutes.

3. By the second grade, a child must learn to manage his time. Parents only need to respond to the call for help. Become helpful when the child asks for it, otherwise he will assume that his mother will finish everything for him.

4. Set your priorities clearly: the main thing now is studying. Do not distract your child while doing homework. You can clean your room and take out the trash in the evening.

In middle and high school

Middle school students should already be able to plan time, remember how much they were assigned for homework and by when. But . Why?

The child spends a long time studying his homework and is often distracted.

Maybe it doesn’t “pull” the load volume? Now even in a “regular” school they give a lot of homework, so you shouldn’t overload your child extra classes. Often, under the pretext of “they have to,” parents take their child to chess, to drawing, and to courses. foreign language. Although parents need this, the child does not rest there, but continues to bear responsibility, as in school. Rest should be something that the child enjoys, not the parents.

You should not limit the time you spend on homework, for example, by warning that you will pick up your notebook in half an hour. Better teach your child to set realistically achievable goals.

Maybe the child is trying to get your attention in this way?

You should not constantly scold him, this will only reinforce bad behavior, especially if you pay attention to your child only when he has done something wrong. Praise him more often, and your student will be more willing to do everything himself.

Maybe he is deliberately in no hurry to do his homework, because he knows that, in the end, you will sit next to him?

Never do his work, but only explain how to do it, and only if he asks you to do it himself. Explaining does not mean solving, it is just showing the direction of thinking or explaining the task.

The child does his homework quickly, but carelessly.

Find out the reason. Most often, go for a walk. In this situation, you will have to methodically check the quality of your homework for some time. Just don’t focus your child on grades, otherwise he may decide that they are important, and not the knowledge itself.

There is no need to punish a child for doing a job poorly; it is better to ask why this happened.

The child must understand that only after the lessons are finished can he do what he likes.

The child is afraid of getting a bad grade.

It is more important to instill a love of knowledge rather than good grades. And you need to say and do everything so that the child understands that he will be loved, no matter what. bad grades, nor to teachers' complaints. Then he too will try, because no one wants to upset the one who loves you.

Children should receive certain skills and knowledge from their parents. All mothers and fathers should know how to teach a child to read correctly at home using a primer or using other methods. This skill will help the child more easily perceive the world around him, adapt to school, and gain knowledge in other subjects. Eat different methods teaching children to read. Find out about their features.

How to teach a child to read correctly and quickly

Some parents believe that only specialists should work with their baby, but this opinion is wrong. Knowing a few secrets, showing persistence and patience, you can teach your little one the basics of quick reading on their own at home. With such skills, it will be much easier for a child to adapt to society, and he will master the school curriculum much faster.

When to teach a child to read

Previously, this skill was instilled in children only at school, as a last resort, in kindergarten, i.e. no earlier than five years of age. Now times have changed and it is recommended that children begin education almost from the first year of life. How can parents make sure their child is psychologically and physically ready to engage in:

1. A good sign is that the child is early age interested in children's books.
2. The baby must be able to speak and understand the meanings simple words, be able to formulate sentences, express thoughts in phrases, perceive information and sounds in a phonemic way.
3. The child knows basic directions (up-down, left-right) and can navigate in space.
4. The baby has good hearing, no serious problems with pronunciation or other developmental disabilities. If you have speech impediments, make an appointment with a speech therapist.

Which alphabet should I teach?

As a rule, a classic primer and some other materials are used for classes: posters, cubes, cards. Many parents, having tried modern methods, return to teaching reading in the usual way. You can purchase a primer developed by Natalya Zhukova. This teacher offers a way of teaching that combines classical and original approaches.

Basic rules of reading technique

It is worth noting that some parental actions can kill a person’s interest in books for life. How to properly teach a child to read:

1. Never force. Try to interest your child by telling interesting stories. Read aloud to him, set your own positive example, this way you will teach him faster. Don't force your child or scold him if he makes mistakes. Praise your child for his successes.
2. First, learn to perceive sounds, and only then move on to the letters of the alphabet.
3. Practice mastering syllables. This will make it easier to learn the letters.
4. Review the material you have covered regularly. It is better to do this in a playful way, do not arrange tests, because this can be offensive.
5. First, learn the simplest words with repeating words (ma-ma). Then you can move on to more complex tasks. The syllable-letter scheme (ko-t, do-m) is suitable. When the baby masters the technique of reading words, teach elementary and then complex sentences. The last ones to introduce are exercises with й, ь, ъ. This is a very simple mechanism for mastering the skill of reading aloud.
6. During a walk, ask your child to say what is written on signs and billboards, this way you will quickly teach him to read.
7. Choose games for knowledge of individual letters. Buy alphabet blocks.
8. Do not teach the names of letters (“er”, “es”). He may distort words later.
9. Practice every day to teach reading. Don’t give up lessons, even if you think your child already knows how to do everything.

Methods of teaching reading to a preschooler at home

Eat different schemes activities with children suggested by experts. Parents are advised to study in detail the features of each method, choose the preferred one and practice only according to it. If you use several lesson plans, you can simply confuse your child and discourage him from learning. Check out some popular early learning methods.

Maria Montessori Method

An Italian teacher suggests starting learning with writing. Maria Montessori advises children to draw capital letters. Techniques such as outlining and shading should be used. Then you need to move on to making letters from bulk materials, for example, plasticine. Drawings and layouts must be composed, letters must be added, and at the last stage the syllables must be pronounced.

Methodology of Nikolai Zaitsev

One of the most popular learning methods that provides quick results. Perfect for active kids. Training is conducted using cubes with warehouses. There are those with one letter, and those with two. They are colorful. The cubes with vowel sounds are golden. Those with ringing warehouses, gray and are called iron. Wooden cubes brown contain unvoiced syllables, and white and green ones contain punctuation marks. For ease of perception, they all have different contents, weights and sizes.

All classes with cubes according to Zaitsev’s method are conducted only in a playful form. The kit includes tables with warehouses that should always be visible, and examples of special exercises. Warehouses need to be assembled according to certain principles, sing, imitate the sounds of animals. You can come up with games yourself, together with your baby, based on what will be more interesting to him.

Glen Doman Method

It is aimed at mastering not sounds and syllables, but whole words at once. They are written on special cards with pictures. Parents should show each of them to the child for 15 seconds, loudly explaining the meaning. The first lessons should be very short, no longer than 5-10 minutes. Advantages of the effective Doman technique:

• suitable for children from birth;
• you can use an individual approach, form a specific vocabulary;
• comprehensively develops;
• You can make the material yourself.

The Doman system is not without a number of disadvantages. Teachers highlight the following disadvantages and shortcomings:

• the learning process is passive;
• not perceived by children over three years of age.

Where to start teaching your child to read

Be sure to choose the appropriate study guides. Use books, posters, cards and blocks. Training stages:

1. Introduce your baby to open vowels. Say them and sing them.
2. After the initial stage, move on to voiced consonants.
3. Remember dull and hissing sounds. Only after this can you move on to learning to read by syllables. Memorizing letters rather than sounds may cause difficulties in the future.
4. Teach your child to form syllables from two vowels. He must understand how sounds are connected.
5. Go to syllables in which the first letter is a consonant and the second is a vowel. It will be easy.
6. Combine syllables with sibilants.
7. Go to closed warehouses (vowel-consonant).

Teaching a child to read in a playful way

Having fun is the easiest way to instill an interest in books in a child. There are many game techniques aimed at developing reading techniques:

1. Learn together short poems talking about letters.
2. Make the letters yourself. To learn the alphabet, collect them from available materials: plasticine, counting sticks, matches. You can cut them out of cardboard and cover them with colored paper.
3. Create an album in which each page becomes a “home” for a letter. Paste pictures with words that begin with it.
4. Select the letter to study. Throw the ball to the baby and say the words. If he hears the right sound in them, let him catch the ball, and if not, let him hit it.
5. Make round cards with syllables and play “Shop”. Each warehouse is a coin. The buyer gives one of them and orders from the seller the product that begins with this syllable (ba - banana, ku - doll).
6. Write the warehouses on the cards in large, bold letters. Slice each horizontally and mix. Let the child collect all the halves and read the syllables.
7. Give your child a long word. Let him find several small ones in it.
8. Make cards with syllables. Show your child a drawing depicting a particular word. Let him compose it from syllables.

How to learn to read syllables

Experts recommend starting to do this right away; the child does not even need to know all the sounds. Then the learning process will go much faster. Use game techniques and various auxiliary materials. If the child confidently composes words, move on to the stage of collecting words. Remember how to properly teach your child to read syllables. Classes should take place in the sequence described below.

Reading lessons by syllables

The process must be consistent. What are the stages of learning to read by syllables:

1. First, make simple words from repeated syllables (pa-pa). Watch your pronunciation.
2. Move on to easy and understandable words of three or four letters (le-s, po-le).
3. The process becomes more complicated. Teach your child to read words of three or more syllables (ko-ro-va). It is advisable to study with pictures.
4. Continue reading simple sentences(ma-ma we-la ra-mu).

How to teach a child to read beyond syllables

Combining words into words takes children a lot of time and attention. Parents must teach their child to read fluently, pronounce syllables together, assimilate the text well and perceive it as a whole. There are the following methods for this:

1. Speed ​​reading. Choose texts that are age-appropriate for your child and measure how much he can read in a minute. Then let him retell it summary text.
2. Mix up the words in a sentence and let your child form it correctly. Start with simple examples.
3. Role reading. Choose a children's story. Let the child voice one character, and you the other. Read by role. This will help the baby choose the right intonation, keep the rhythm, pause in the right places, and understand the meaning.
4. Difficult words. Every day, let your child read about 30 words 2-3 times, in which there are many difficult combinations of consonant sounds.
5. Develop peripheral vision and logical thinking, train your memory, correct pronunciation, reading speed.
6. Address speech therapy and other problems.

How to teach a child to read using Zhukova’s ABC book

This book offers a combination of traditional and modern techniques. Already on the third task the child will have to read syllables. The author suggests his own order of getting to know the letters, not the traditional alphabetical one. The book contains detailed instructions on conducting lessons, so even parents without teacher education They can easily organize a lesson. To teach a child to read at home, the following scheme is used:

1. Introducing vowels and consonants.
2. Learning to read syllable by syllable.
3. Development of closed warehouses.
4. Transition from simple words to complex ones.

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