Hello dear readers of my blog! Psychologist Irina Ivanova with you. I think that among you there are many parents with small children. I'm sure you know about the importance of play for the development of a preschooler. No other activity will introduce him gently and carefully into the complex world of the surrounding reality, will not develop all possible abilities and skills.

You need to take care of the correct selection of toys for your baby from early childhood. Do you know what toys a child needs a year? So I recently had no idea about it until I had to choose a gift for my little niece.

The most important thing

The most important principle of selecting toys for a one-year-old baby, as well as for a child of any age, is this. What kind of toy can you offer a baby, and which one should be discarded, despite its benefits for the development of children?

Signs of a safe toy:

• It is made of natural materials: wood, natural fabric, in a pinch, made of high quality plastic.
• The toy smells good or has no smell at all, there is no smell of dyes.
• It is impossible to cut, scratch, hit on protruding parts and details, there are no sharp corners.
• You should not buy toys for small children with small parts that they can choke on, put them where they are dangerous to life and health. The crumbs have not yet a drop of caution; parents should be prudent for him.

To compose a real picture of the world, a child must see toys around him that depict animals, things and objects in their natural form. Green men and pink dogs should not be purchased for a little man, whose whole world is still limited by the walls of his apartment and the yard near the house. It is better if the toys resemble their original as realistic as possible.

Development or entertainment?

It is difficult to say in advance which toys will be of interest to the baby. Often, a colorful multifunctional module does not arouse any interest in a one-year-old child, and ordinary ones or a ball become the subject of choice for many days and weeks. It often happens when parents think that their task is to provide the baby with toys, and he himself will figure out what to do with them.

This is a gross mistake - the capabilities of the toy must be revealed, shown how it is played or manipulated. At this stage, without mom and dad, children cannot play fully, and they will learn to establish contact with their peers by the age of 2-3.

The main tasks of development and education in 1 year, solved with the help of toys:

• Accumulation of passive vocabulary (names of surrounding objects and phenomena);
• Development of gross and fine motor skills, coordination of the fingers;
• Enrichment of sensory representations (concepts of color, sound, shape, volume, mass of objects).
• Emotional development baby.

There is no need to be afraid of difficulties, often one and the same toy solves several problems at once. The responsibility of an adult is to always be there, to help and captivate the child. It is necessary to take into account the most important achievement of this age stage - the baby began to walk, his independence increased.

Toys useful for 1 year old children:

• The pyramid in 4-5 rings is very interesting for children, develops motor skills, maybe with a hint in the form of a cone, it will simply not be possible to assemble such a toy incorrectly.
• Inserts of 4-6-8 pieces. Often they are made of wood, they are three-dimensional figures that need to be inserted into their recess. Develop attention, motor skills.
• Balls of different textures and sizes that can be thrown and pushed: rubber, textile, plastic.
• Lego type constructors, consisting of large parts.
• Cubes, at first soft (as strange as it may sound), a little later - wooden. All children love to build towers (and then break them with their own hands).
• Sorters (so-called "mailboxes") and cup-type inserts - children love to push various figures through slots and holes. Round and square cups are so fun to put into each other!
• Gurneys, wheelbarrows, cars for riding them - develop precise movements, arouse interest, both among boys and girls.
• Dolls, images of animals - this age is the countdown of the emergence of a story game. The baby imitates the actions of the parents: feeds and puts dolls or bears to bed, rolls around in a stroller, "takes care of them."
• Toys depicting dishes, vegetables, fruits and food for playing out various situations. Try to present your kid with a set of tiny instruments "like daddy", he will quickly find a use for them if mom and dad play with him.
• Clockwork, mechanized and musical toys for the entertainment of children. Useful for establishing connections of the "cause-effect" type: pressed the button - the toy went, sang, jumped, swam.

So that precious time is not wasted in vain, you need to give the child the "right" toys, play with him, take a responsible attitude to the creation of a developing environment.

I also recommend the program of classes with kids - " School year old".

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Even before the birth of the baby, the first toys begin to appear in his room, and after a year the army of bears, hares, dolls, telephones, cars and other goodness sometimes simply has nowhere to go! To prevent this from happening, we recommend that from the first days buy your child not one-day fun, but high-quality and useful toys that will keep the baby occupied for a long time and bring maximum benefit to his development.

Criteria for choosing good educational toys under 1 year old

An educational toy for toddlers under 1 year old should:

• age appropriate. Age marking is on every product;
• develop one or more skills and abilities that are relevant to children of this age. For example, crawling, speaking, distinguishing sounds, sensory perception, etc .:
• be very strong, do not contain small parts that can be bitten off and swallowed;
• have rounded outlines without sharp corners;
• consist only of high quality materials (plastic, fabric, latex, wood);
• sound pleasant, not harsh or loud;
• withstand numerous cleaning and washing.

The best manufacturers of educational toys for children under 1 year old

The market for toys for children is so diverse that the relatives of the baby are happy to spend money on more and more new portions of children's fun. However, not all toys then please with durability and developmental capabilities. In order not to be mistaken in your choice, pay attention to the products of world-famous brands: Tiny Love, Taf Toys, Bright Stars, Chicco, Fischer Price, Klddieland, Playskool, Playgro, etc. These products are distinguished by impeccable quality, great developmental potential and attractive appearance. ...

Somewhat cheaper - toys from Chinese brands Canpol Babies, Smoby, Jetem, Rich Toys, Happy Baby, Lider Kids and others. Their quality is less stable (there are unsuccessful toys and even marriage), but on the whole it is acceptable, and the price is affordable. But what you should definitely not do is choose cheap products of little-known brands for your little one. A poor-quality toy is a direct threat to the baby's health.

The best educational toys for children under one year old

"Price Expert" has selected high-quality and popular toys for the development of babies under one year old. In this article, we will not rate and highlight favorites, because each of the selected toys is good in its own way and must be with the baby.

1. The rattle is the child's first educational toy

Photo: www.pilchitas.com.ar

Developing toy-rattle "Flower" Tiny Love. Average price: 420 p.

It is with these unpretentious toys that the child's passive acquaintance with the surrounding objects begins. You can look at the rattle, find it by sound, and later feel it and even gnaw it. Perhaps the best developmental rattles are those that cover the development of several senses at once: sight, hearing, touch. Particularly interesting are the combined variants with moving parts, fabric elements, built-in teethers, etc.

Pros:

• affordable price;
• ease of use and ample room for development.

Minuses:

• it is necessary to constantly and especially thoroughly wash the rattles;
• you have to change them often so that the baby does not get tired.

Expert Tips:« Encourage your child to grab objects, and then slowly take them away from him, gently pulling out of his hands. It is important that the baby grasped such an object properly. If he likes this game, give your child a stick and teach him to hang on it. Then teach your child to take and give the object (from the book of Cecile Lupan. Believe in your child) ".

2. Mobile is a popular educational toy for a baby's crib up to 3 months

Photo: www.lussobaby.ca

Mobile Tiny Love "Island of Sweet Dreams". Average price: 4700 r.

Mobiles are pendants for a crib with small bright toys. Manufacturers often provide them with functions of rotation, playing melodies and backlighting. Bright moving figures and melodious sounds attract the baby's attention and calm him down, allowing the mother to move away from the crib at least for a while. This educational toy is included in the list of the best for the little ones - after 3 months (sometimes earlier), the classic mobile ceases to interest the child.

Pros:

• automatic operation of the mobile frees mom's hands;
• beautiful toys, pleasant melodies;
• develops visual and auditory perception of the child.

Minuses:

• a high-quality mobile is not cheap;
• short term of use;
• quickly bothers the child;
• does not replace live communication with parents.

3. An educational mat with arcs is the best educational toy for babies from 3 to 6 months.

Photo: kati-shop.ru

Developing mat TAF TOYS 2 in 1. Average price: 3600 p.

Soft multi-colored rugs are positioned by manufacturers as "all-in-one" for the development of a baby who does not crawl yet, but no longer wants to lie quietly in the crib. Indeed, unlike a mobile designed only for contemplation and listening to music, a rug with arches opens up more opportunities for the development of the baby. Here you can not only look at toys, but also grab them, pull them towards you, taste them, feel different textures, and evoke sounds. Some rugs have areas with noise and sensory effects - for those who like to play while sitting or lying on their tummy.

Pros:

• many opportunities for the development of visual, tactile and auditory perception;
• stimulating the child's activity and independence;
• beautiful appearance, great gift newborn;
• compact storage.

Minuses:

• as soon as the baby crawls, he does not need a rug;
• high price.

Expert opinions: « If the baby has already well studied the possibilities of his developmental rug, try to "extend the life" of this toy, supplementing it with new devices for playing on the tummy:
Make small "doors" from pieces of fabric. Having opened them, the baby will see a picture, a sewn toy or a button. "Doors" can be closed with different fasteners - Velcro, hooks. Attach small toys to the ends of the ribbons and sew the ribbons into the pockets. Now these toys can be removed from pockets and put back as much as you like. Sew several carpet rings in a row, pass a ribbon through them, at the ends of which two small toys will ride back and forth (from the book of Lena Danilova “Encyclopedia of Developing Games”). "

4. Soft cubes are the best toy for the development of spatial thinking in children under 1 year old.

Photo: kidstore.ru

Soft cubes in a boxK 'sKids. The average price is 1500 rubles.

Soft cubes for the little ones, or "crumb", are a great alternative to cubes made of wood and plastic. They are large, bright, you can throw them, you can safely sit on them, jump and fall. It is convenient to study animals, objects and the first colors with them. Particularly interesting are soft velcro cubes: they allow you to develop not only motor skills, but also the creative skills of the baby.

Pros:

• completely safe for the child and others;
• soft surface trains sensory skills;
• develop spatial thinking;
• useful for fine motor skills of hands.

Minuses:

• not very suitable for "serious" construction, because structures made of them are unstable;
• get dirty quickly.

Expert opinions: “Sets of building blocks develop eye-hand coordination and cognitive abilities. Teach your toddler to place cube on cube. Build a tall tower before his eyes, and then destroy it, exclaiming: "Bang!" This game will give the child great pleasure. Teach it to build and destroy (from the book by Olesya Zhukova "Encyclopedia of educational games from 0 months to 3 years") ".

5. The play center is the best multifunctional educational toy for toddlers up to 1 year old.

Photo: studiobajkolandia.strefa.pl

Play house Kiddieland. Average price: 4200 r.

A wonderful purchase (and gift idea) for a toddler who is already sitting on his own. As a rule, such centers are equipped with sound capabilities, have bright colors, sound accompaniment and many other pleasant discoveries for crumbs (buttons, moving figures, flip-flops, etc.). The kid can play such a game for a long time, allowing his mother to rest and calmly do household chores.

Pros:

• develop several skills at the same time: visual, sensory, auditory, motor.
• stimulate independent play;
• take the crumbs for a long time in one place.

Minuses:

• often high price;
• the need to change batteries.

Expert tip: « The child loves to throw toys out of the crib and watch them fall to the floor and knock. If you are tired of constantly throwing things back, you can tie them with ribbons to the bed, the baby will very quickly figure out how to drag them back in order to throw them on the floor again (from M. Andreeva's book "Home psychologist. 100 secrets of raising children"). "

6. Children's piano is the best musical educational toy for children under 1 year old and older

Photo: i024.radikal.ru

Fisher Price "Puppy" educational piano toy. Average price: 1600 r.

Small size and weight, large bright details, large keys with a light touch, melodic songs - these are the criteria for choosing a piano for the little ones. And if the manufacturer has taken care of several volume levels (so that the baby is not afraid of loud sounds), several modes of play and learning and an interesting, unbroken repertoire, you can safely buy such a toy for your baby.

Pros:

• beautiful and safe toy;
• develops auditory perception and ear for music;
• helps to easily learn children's songs;
• does not bother for a long time, can be used in story games.

Minuses:

• fun but noisy;
• need to change batteries periodically.

Expert opinions: “Place the musical toy out of your kid's sight. Start it and ask: "Where is the music?" When the baby turns to the sound, be sure to praise him, not skimping on compliments. Repeat the game by placing the toy in different parts of the room. If your child is already crawling, hide the toy under a pillow or any other accessible place so that he can crawl to it (from the book "125 educational games for children under 1 year old" by Jackie Silberg). "

7. Pyramid "Cups" - an irreplaceable educational toy for children from 6 months

Photo: www.deshevle-net.com.ua

Pyramid "Educational cups"FischerPrice. Average price: 900 r.

Cups are an example of an inexpensive and amazingly functional educational toy for children from 6 months to 1 year old. It is distinguished from an ordinary pyramid by its complete safety: there are no small parts, no sharp pin for rings, no chance of breaking something. Cups can be stacked on top of each other, collected in one another, used as containers in a bathtub or sandbox. The dexterity of little fingers, the eye, the ability to compare similar objects - these are the main skills that this simple pyramid develops. In the future, it will be convenient to study colors and counting with her.

Pros:

• safety;
• affordable price;
• long service life;
• functionality, different ways use for games and learning.

Minus: you must not lose a single cup, otherwise you cannot build a pyramid.

Expert advice: “Teach your toddler to play independently. Independence in the game develops imagination. But first, you must show your baby how to handle the toy. If the toy is collapsible (for example, a pyramid), disassemble and assemble it for the child to see. And then let him play himself (from S. Zaitsev's book "Handbook of a Young Mother"). "

8. A wheelchair is the best educational toy for the physical development of a child under 1 year old.

Photo: nsk-cat.ru

2-in-1 walker trolleyPlayskoool. Average price: 2300 r.

The trolley-walker is one of the best educational toys for the first independent steps of the baby. According to doctors, it is more preferable for a child than a classic walker. Yes, she will not add peace to her mother, because now her child will be able to move around the house much faster. On the other hand, a high-quality, stable gurney trains muscles, teaches the child to maintain balance and allows him to switch to independent walking easier and more harmoniously.

Pros:

• excellent training in motor skills and gross motor skills;
• can be used at home and outdoors;
• game elements on the body - additional entertainment.

Minuses:

• perhaps the baby will fall more often;
• some models glide over parquet and laminate.

Expert advice: “If a child expresses a desire to walk, stop using the stroller, unless there is a need for it. This period is quite difficult, as it turns out that helping a child to walk is not so easy. The most best time for this - a day walk. First walk 50 meters, then gradually increase the distance. You must be alert and confident at all times. This should give the little one courage (from the book “Believe in your child” by Cecile Lupan) ”.

6. Sorter is a good toy that develops the logic of children under one year old

Photo: irecommend.ru.q5.r-99.com

Sorter "Logical teremok" Polesie. Average price: 800 p.

Sorters can be of various shapes, from a simple box to a house, a typewriter, a train, etc. Their main feature is the presence of slots. various shapes and the corresponding figures. Choosing a figure to the slot, kids learn to compare objects in shape, to find common signs and differences in them. Along the way, they train fine motor skills of the hands and, of course, perseverance. Sorter is not easy fun, so at first the help of an adult is necessary for a child.

Pros:

• as a rule, sorters are bright and safe toys;
• development of logical thinking and finger motor skills;
• figurines can be used in tutorials and story games.

Minus: figures are easily lost.

10. Pegs and a hammer - a useful educational toy for the development of fine motor skills in children aged 1 year

Photo: www.ikea.com

IKEA MULA Pegs and hammer set. Average price: 369 r.

It is still difficult for babies at the age of 1 year to perform small actions with their hands. It is for training the fine motor skills of the hands that all kinds of knockers are intended, consisting of a wooden base, pegs and a hammer. In order to hammer a peg, the child requires coordination of movements and considerable, by children's standards, effort. But even random hammering on the pegs is not just fun, but a useful developmental activity.

Pros:

• develops fine motor skills, and hence speech;
• wood is an environmentally friendly, natural and durable material;
• each peg is painted in its own color, you can study the colors;
• useful after 1 year.

Minus: baby and hammer are an unsafe duo (watch your toddler while playing!)

Expert opinions:“Children really enjoy holding various objects in their hands and hitting the surface with them. Such actions are great for developing coordination and, in addition, they are a lot of fun. Place a wooden spoon in your child's hand and show you how to tap the floor with it. Sing along to your favorite songs as you spoon batter together. (From the book "125 educational games for children under 1 year old" by Jackie Silberg) ".

So what kind of educational toys should a child under 1 year old choose?

Of course, the kid should have a lot of games and fun, good and different, but it is always better to buy one good educational toy than two bad ones. By giving preference to high-quality, “long-playing” options with wide play and learning opportunities, parents contribute to the successful development, well-being and health of their baby.

Can a child's play be just fun? Child psychologist will immediately exclaim: "In no case! Without play, the full development of the child is impossible."

Children's play is, in the full sense of the word, research activity. The kid thoroughly, seriously gets acquainted with the objects of the surrounding world - first of all with toys.

The choice of toys for the baby should not be left to chance. If a one-year-old person rattles with a rattle all day and does not know what cubes, pyramids, tweeters, etc. are, he will surely lag behind his peers in development. Let's try to understand how the best way organize the child's play space during the first year of his life.

Newborn toys

Toys for a child from 3 to 6 months

During the period from 3 to 6 months the set of movements mastered by the child expands: for example, he can, for example, not only reach with a pen or a leg to a toy, but also sink to it - in the literal sense of the word. So, it's time to expand the playing space - from time to time to arrange the baby on the carpet or place him in a large playpen.

If before the child knew the world with the help of sight and hearing, now he is trying to feel this or that object. At this stage, it is desirable that the toys available to him be varied in shape and texture. You can offer your baby not only plastic and rubber toys, but also soft ones (provided that they are easy to clean). Sounding toys are very good - they stimulate meaningful movements like no others. If you hang a bell from the crib, the baby, by moving the arms or legs, can rock the crib and the bell will ring. He will love this sound and will want to hear it again. The rattles, which are attached to the wrist like a bracelet, also encourage the child to wiggle their arms.

Since at this time - from 3 to 6 months - the arsenal of movements of the child is significantly expanding, it is time to update the range of toys available to him. Rubber squeaky animals, tumbler dolls and primitive musical instruments with large keys represent an inexhaustible source of interest for a 5-month-old baby - after all, they are "alive". They talk, cry, laugh when he touches them (overturns, hugs them, etc.).

Such simple exercises with toys help to establish connections between the parts of the brain responsible for visual, auditory, tactile perception, as well as motor functions. The efforts that the child makes, trying to master the subject of interest to him, and the difficulties associated with this form one of the most important human abilities - to act purposefully and meaningfully. The behavior of a child with a toy in his hands is not yet a game, but already a real, genuine study of both the object and the capabilities of his own body.

At this stage, it is very important not to overload the child's attention - give him the opportunity to deal with one toy and only then offer another. There is a moment here: the child is most attracted by novelty, and so that the familiar toy does not become boring, hide it from time to time. In a couple of days, the baby will rejoice at her like new.

Toys for baby 6-9 months

6 to 9 months the child's motor abilities are enriched and complicated. He moves freely on all fours and tries to get up. At the same time, fine motor skills of the hands develops: the baby tries to grab an object not only with his palm, but also with a pinch and fingers.

Previously, the child's acquaintance with objects happened as if by accident - now his actions are purposeful. Expanding the horizons of a little person largely depends on adults. This is a very serious matter - to show the child how to handle various toys. How to twist a drum, how to press keys with your fingers, how to make a ball roll. At this age, the child is still messing around with rattles and squeakers, but he is interested in more complex toys: cars, folding books with bright pictures (small but full of furious interest readers are not accidentally recommended books made of thick cardboard!).

This is a special time for parents: the expression “behind him eye and eye” most accurately describes the situation. Many try to restrain the motor activity of the child for safety reasons (or not having time to look after him). But the child should be protected only from what is really dangerous for him. They learn from mistakes.

By 9 months the kid understands that you can play with two objects at once. For example, if you bang one toy against another, a sound occurs (ringing, crashing), and he likes it terribly. Now he can finally deal with a set of molds, cubes and pyramids. At first, the baby will destroy the pyramids and cubes castles you have collected, but after some time he will definitely try to build something himself. For 7-9-month-olds, there are special, flexible plastic designers. These are, as a rule, open rings, which remarkably easily interlock (although for some reason children more like to nibble them).

By this time, simple games with adults are available for the child: "frogs", "cuckoo," crap, flew "... Ask the kid to indicate (find) this or that toy:" Where is the hare? " If the child does not understand you or finds it difficult to answer, help him: "Yes, there he is, bunny!"

Toys for 1 year old baby

Greatest achievement in life one year old child - walking without support, that is, gaining a sense of balance. During this period (and even earlier, after 9 months), the fine motor skills of the hands become more perfect day by day. Whereas before the child accidentally dropped toys, now he does it on purpose. A game arises that is tiresome for an adult, but infinitely attractive for a baby: he throws the elephant over and over again, and the patient mother picks it up again and again.

Godovich already owns both hands: puts molds in one another, strung on the core of the pyramid ring, undresses and puts on a matryoshka doll.

Everyone's favorite whirligig is just for one-year-olds, as well as a metallophone and a drum. While mastering them, the child learns, among other things, to calculate the force of the blow to produce a variety of sounds.

Right now, the child should be introduced to the huge world of an apartment or room for him, with household items. He needs to be shown how to handle water, with dishes (unbreakable, of course). The sooner he begins to comprehend this side of home life, the safer his games will be.

A one-year-old child is violently happy with toys such as a plastic phone, dollware sets, a doll hairdresser. This is all the more interesting to him because at this time he is doing his best to monkey - seeks to copy adults. Mom brushes her hair - and the daughter babbles, demanding a comb. And one more thing: at this age, children love to test everything for strength, so toys (any objects that the baby is engaged in) should not break, let alone break.

Since at this age the child learns to control the body, you need to play games with him that form a sense of balance and coordination of movements. The best way is to coordinate the movement of the ball game: a small ball can be thrown and caught, a large one can be pushed with arms and legs, run after it, catch up with it and stop it. Butterflies planted on a long stick are very good ( ladybugs, dragonflies) on wheels, which the baby rolls in front of him.

Swings, jumpers, a rocking horse are excellent objects for developing a sense of balance (of course, you can only swing a horse with your mother - she will sit, shake, and remove).

The kid is unusually interested in games with "waterfowl" toys - ducks, fish, etc. And games in the sandbox have no equal at all: a one-year-old person can puff over the molds for hours, pouring sand from one to another. At this time, he desperately needs his own bucket, a scoop and a dump truck. Baking cakes from sand, that is, active and meaningful shaping, is a real act of creativity, one of the first steps towards the development of creative thinking.

By the way, a one-year-old child can already be given pencils-polycolors and paper, and when collecting it on the street, put crayons into the pocket of his jacket. When it comes to him that these objects leave a mark, he will become burningly interested in the result of manipulating them. Children's scribbles are not at all what adults put into this concept. This is the first attempt to recognize and even to a small (infantly small) degree to realize the world. In addition, the scribbles form the eye-hand coordination.

To summarize: in the first year of a child's life, you can safely put an equal sign between play and knowledge of the world around you. Later, the time will come for role-playing games, and then the child’s attitude to toys will be different. And now to live and play for him is one and the same thing.

Attention!

• Toys should not break easily, break. They should not have small parts that can get the baby in the mouth or nose.
• Soft toys can only be given to a child if they are easy to clean.
• When the child begins to master the space of the room, wrap the soft edges of the furniture with something soft, close the electrical outlets, remove the wires from the floor.
• Entering the room, do not forget that the baby may be behind the door.
• See what your little one plays. Among his "toys" may be not only perfectly safe mother's slippers, but also a rustling plastic bag (which the child will certainly try to put on his head).

Article provided by Family Doctor magazine

The baby is growing, and there are more and more toys in the house. Of course, I want them to not only take up space in the box, but to be useful.

Reading the forums and tips of experienced mothers, I made a list of ten toys that should certainly appear in the house where the year-old lives.

Pyramids

Requirements: wooden (the most environmentally friendly), textile (the safest) or plastic (the lightest), not too high, with a stable base.

How long will it last: up to three years.

While we are happy to disassemble and gnaw them. Later, the child will learn to string rings on a pin, collect them in a certain order. They are suitable for size recognition, comparison (especially if the pyramid is not one). And there, and not far from the flowers.

Montessori toys

Requirements: high-quality materials, several parts of different sizes.

How long will it last:up to eight years old.

The Montessori technique has captured almost the entire world, these toys have become the dream of many parents. Such materials develop spatial thinking, fine motor skills, teach not only to distinguish colors and shapes, but also to count.

Geometric pyramids

Requirements: at least three or four basic shapes: square, circle, triangle. Material - well-crafted wood (no chips).

How long is enough: up to six years.

Inserts (geometric pyramids) perfectly develop fine motor skills, and also introduce the baby to geometric shapes. After the child begins to easily distinguish a circle from a square, and a triangle from a rectangle, complicate the task: play with him blindly - offer to know the shapes by touch.

Wheelchair

Requirements: stable, low, with a reliable high back and a place for toys under the seat, with rubberized wheels (so that the neighbors from below do not complain about the roar).

How long is enough: up to four years.

Don't forget about physical development. Such a wheelchair car (option - a wheelchair toy) perfectly helps to develop coordination, becomes a support for an uncertainly walking baby.

Of course, it is not suitable for every apartment. But you can play well with her in the summer on the playground, at the same time training the baby's legs and unloading mother's hands. Many wheelchairs provide a handle for mom, which is easy to clean if necessary.

For the delight of the baby, you can buy a wheelchair with figures, molds, gears and sound effects.

Balls (normal and touch)

Requirements: the bigger, the better. Various sizes, colors, materials.

How long is enough: up to six years.

Balls to throw and play soccer, bounce or inflate for beach games. This is important for physical development and coordination, for teaching various games and rules of communication with other people (children). And, by the way, it develops imagination well.

Dolls

Requirements: environmental friendliness and safety, small size, legs and arms are securely fastened to the body, there are no small parts.

How long is enough: up to seven years.

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Thank you for the useful information. I like multi-functional, safe and educational toys, so I gave preference to one of the best brands. For example, the Chicco "House with Animals" sorter is not only all the components in one convenient storage in the form of a house, but also a very multifunctional toy, in this model there are several types of sorter. The sorter is very bright, all its components (figures, keys) are presented in juicy bright colors, and are streamlined without sharp corners, which is very safe! One sorter on top of the roof, there you can study the figures, and another sorter on the doors of the house will introduce you to the animal world. But the keys are especially delightful. Each key has its own color scheme in order to determine which door you need to open. Thanks to the convenient handle, it can be easily carried. I also think that every boy, and girls who are not indifferent to cars, should have such a car as the "Billy Big Wheels" by Chicco. She will serve true friend, after all, I have not yet met a stronger, more reliable and shock-resistant machine. Despite her such characteristics, Billy is very positive, those lovely kind eyes and a wide smile just beckons to play. Steering with Billy allows even a 2-year-old to feel like a real professional in driving. Everything is for safety, the steering wheel is as it should be of a round shape and NO ANTENNA! The machine is very maneuverable, there are forward and backward, left and right control buttons on the steering wheel, and a horn in the middle. Do you think everything? Nooo, Billy still makes realistic sounds of the engine when starting to move, sound effects when the car feeds back, accompanied by illumination of red stop lamps, bright glow of the headlights themselves. The obstacles for the SUV are not scary, just look at these massive, reliable wheels, so the riding surface can be different and even with constituent obstacles. In general, there is the opportunity to admire the typewriter and please the child)) Well, the Chicco Talking Farm Toy, I advise everyone who wants to make a gift and not be mistaken with the choice. Because my kids from such an entertaining versatile toys are simply delighted. Moreover, the sonny is now 3 years old, but he still spends time with her with interest (at the time of the donation he was 1.9), and his sister is six months old, but she, too, is already happy to press the buttons that are within her reach. The toy proved to be long-playing, versatile for active development. Very high quality, easy to carry with a thoughtful design down to the details. A kind of educational game center where you can play and learn in a relaxed game form at the same time. And also to replenish your knowledge, both in Russian and in English. Thanks to this toy, we got acquainted with the animal world and learned to count. And so that training and games are more fun there are music timeouts.

Since ancient times, people have realized the need for toys for the development of a child. At first they were miniature copies of real objects. So, for girls, toys were of a household nature, for boys, objects of hunting and agriculture were created. Later, they were the same entertainment thing. Also, it was through toys that the cultural characteristics of each nation could be observed.

History of toys

Archaeologists have repeatedly found various toys at the excavation sites. For example, in ancient Egypt, carved wooden figurines of animals were discovered. They depicted cats, cows, dogs, tigers, etc. There were also found types of toys with moving parts of the body, which indicates the complex design of the product. Similar items were found in large numbers on the site of Pompeii, Greece and Rome. In addition to figures, various rattles and rattles were popular there. It was believed that their noise drives away evil spirits from the baby.

During excavations in Siberia, a large number of figurines of animals such as mammoth, rhino, tiger were found. Amazingly, despite the time of creation, they were executed with amazing accuracy. And on the territory of Ukraine, objects made of soft stone were found, and archaeologists considered that the age of the finds dates back to approximately the past era.

We should also talk about dolls separately. Their first prototypes were found in Ancient Egypt. In ancient Rome and ancient Greece, they had a special role: before marriage, the girl played them, and then sacrificed to the goddess of love. After such a ritual, it was believed that the union would be especially strong.

Middle Ages and further development

It is not known for certain how toys developed in the Middle Ages. But the word "toy" itself originated and spread during the Renaissance. The progenitor country is considered France. It was there that caring mothers sewed pieces of fabric and filled them with straw, forming small pupae. Already in the XVI century, various types of children's toys began to be made to order and sold. But since they were made piece goods, they cost a lot of money, so they were only available to an aristocrat. Dolls at that time often acted as mannequins for fashion clothes... Their mass production appeared only in the 19th century.

Kinds soft toys became diverse after the development of industrial production. At the same time, a fashionable trend appeared to print various patterns of toys in women's magazines... Thus, in 1879, a woman in a German town, confined to a wheelchair, sewed several Christmas gifts for her nephews. Miraculous little animals gained fame among their neighbors, and soon orders fell on Margaret. After some time, she was able to open a workshop, where she worked with her sisters. A few years later she already founded a factory where many types of toys were created.

Making a popular beast

Few people know, but this character did not appear immediately. Margaret patented a teddy bear soft toy. Its peculiarity was that it rested on four legs. A year later, a teddy bear appeared, which went down in history forever and became popular with children. Its feature was the combination of an articulated doll and a soft toy.

Why did the bear become Teddy?

Everyone knows that the teddy bear is called Teddy by default. Where did this tradition come from? Since the homeland of the bear was Germany, one of the Russian emigrants took away funny toy in the United States and placed it in a shop window. Visitors were delighted with the news, and offers with orders rained down on the bench. Therefore, the owners of the shop set up the production of bears and asked permission to call them Teddy. Roosevelt was then president.



Parallel to this, a story about how the president refused to shoot a bear, who was specially brought to him, gained popularity in the newspapers. He justified this by saying that hunting should be fair - you, the gun and the beast. Then everyone's chances are equal.

Porcelain dolls

Some dolls did not literally become toys. For example, porcelain became more decorative and became famous among adult collectors. Mass production of such copies worsened their quality, so only beauties made in a single copy were valuable. Such dolls had individual facial features, names, and unique clothing. The master devoted a lot of time to creating his brainchild.

After becoming collectibles, porcelain dolls became characters in eerie stories, as it was believed that their striking resemblance to real people makes them a repository for demons or evil spirits.

Their minus is the severity and fragility of the material. Therefore, such products cannot be considered a full-fledged toy for children. Masters still make porcelain dolls in small print runs or in a single copy.

Special toys for the Slavic people

Every nation in the world has its own special toys. For example, matryoshka has long been considered a symbol of Russia. In fact, it appeared among the Slavs only at the end of the 19th century and served as a prototype for a Japanese hollow toy with inset figures. They were amulets from evil forces. As a result, Russian craftsmen Konovalov and Zvezdochkin created a red-cheeked girl. But in fact, the types of folk toys in Russia are not limited to nested dolls. For example, the very first fun for a newborn baby is rattles and rattles. Poppy heads and dry peas were used for their production. Two halves were molded from clay, peas or a head were put inside, after which they were fastened. The ratchets were made even easier: wooden plates were attached to the handle, which began to creak and make noise during rotation. Such devices were important for introducing the kid to the world of sounds.

What types of toys were popular in Russia? For girls they did They are strikingly different from modern copies. They can not be considered native Russian, since dolls were of all nationalities, but in Russia they had their own characteristics. They were made from straw and rags.



In Ukraine, such a toy was called a coil, in Russia - a twist. The doll was not so much fun for the child as a talisman for him. Therefore, her mother traditionally did it, reading special conspiracies. The peculiarity of the rag dolls was the absence of a face. It may seem to some that the reason for this is the laziness of the master. In fact, this was due to superstition: the eyes can “jinx” the child, since, by painting the face, a person can endow an object with an evil spirit. Psychologists are convinced that such a doll without a face gives an excellent impetus to the development of imagination. Another belief was associated with the ban on the use of piercing and cutting objects in the manufacture of a pupa. Since it should be done with love, so the rags just tore their hands.

It is noteworthy that until the age of seven, the types of toys for children were the same. That is, both girls and boys played with dolls. Children up to this age were not divided by gender and wore the same shirts up to the toes. Later, the boys were put on trousers, and the girls - dresses. Interestingly, there was no mother-daughter game, but there was a "wedding", where the role of the groom was played by a twig. This is how the girls prepared for future marriage.

With the development of pottery, more types of toys for children appeared. While the men were making household utensils, the women sculpted cute figurines for babies. After sculpting, they were burned in an oven and fully functional toys were obtained. Colorfully painted, they captivated the child for a long time. Basically, soldiers, animals and compositions (weddings, tea parties, etc.) were made from clay. Over time, in some regions of Russia, their own

Clay toys

So, the authentic type of toys for Russia is Dymkovo toys. They were created in the city of Vyatka. Initially, these were animal whistles. But in the future, whoever was not molded from red clay! There were horsemen, animals, and ladies. A bright palette of colors, unforgettable motives have made this type of toys a brand in Russia. The most commonly used characters are rams, turkeys, nannies with children, deer, buffoons and much more.

Many types of toys were based on someone else's ideas. So, the inhabitants of the village of Kargopol slightly modified Dymkovo copies and came up with their own toys. Their peculiarity was that the figures were worn traditional clothes, and mythical animals such as centaurs and fauns appeared. They also wore national costumes.



In the Tula region, they came up with toys, the hallmark of which was a three-color coloring. Most often these were green, yellow and crimson colors. Also, all the characters had a very long neck. The scenes with the mother, who had an animal and a child in her arms, were most often used as plots.

Folk toys

Every nation has its own unique toys. For example, Nenets children amused themselves with dolls in national costumes... They did not have ears, eyes and faces, since it was believed that with such organs the doll would take away the soul of the child. The realism of the toy was not welcomed, since it could come to life and kill the child.

Such types of toys as kokeshi and Daruma occupy a special place in Japan. Kokeshi is a wooden doll. Her body was cylindrical in shape and her head was round. The whole body was covered with patterns. Daruma is a tumbler doll, the personification of Bodhidharma, the deity of luck. It is made of wood or papier-mâché and has no arms and legs. According to legends, the limbs atrophied after nine years of meditation. The tradition of making a wish is associated with Daruma. Having formulated it, you need to draw a pupil to the chrysalis. You need to keep it in a conspicuous place for a year, and if the desire is fulfilled, the second eye is added to the doll, and if not, it is burned. So it will be clear to the deity that other ways of fulfilling desire are sought.

New Year's and Christmas

In addition to toys for children, during the history of the existence of mankind, special traditions have developed for decorating sacred trees. This practice was also among the Gentiles, who performed rituals and donations. In the modern world, we cannot imagine life without trees. Were popular christmas decorations, the types of which were not limited to balls. For example, in the Middle Ages, a green beauty was decorated with products: waffles, sweets, fruits, etc. It had a religious basis. So, apples were a symbol of the forbidden fruit that was plucked by Eve. Waffles refer to the Sacrament. Later, a tradition appeared to decorate the Christmas tree with paper figures.



In Germany, the types of New Year's toys were invented: different colors, garlands, angels. But it was entertainment for rich people. Fashion for balls came in the 19th century. The first specimens were made of glass and covered with a lead solution, which made them strong, but heavy. Later, the craftsmen learned to blow thin glass balls... Then they began to be painted and covered with patterns.

In wartime, toys were made with their own hands, the types of which were extremely diverse. So, from flasks and beakers, a star was easily constructed. And parachutists were created from paper. The postcards painted Santa Claus, who kills enemies.

Types of educational toys for preschool children

In recent decades, it has become popular to deal with early child development. Techniques and manuals are being developed, shops offer a wide range of products on the topic. For example, sculpting and painting is useful for developing motor skills. This requires only paper, paints, pencils, plasticine. You can find a wide variety of class materials on the Internet. Do not try to teach a child an academic drawing from an early age, so you only turn away from classes. Psychologists urge to use not only brushes as a tool for applying paints, but also your own fingers, foam sponges, etc.

Not so long ago in Russia there was a novelty - "kinetic sand". Having the physical properties of sand, it can be molded into different figures, as it does not crumble. This material is toxic and not harmful to children.

It is also important to use ordinary cubes to develop spatial imagination. They come in different sizes, colors, with or without drawings, they can build houses and turrets. Since there are many types of wooden toys, cubes are one of them. It is an environmentally friendly and safe material, and also pleasant to the touch. Another alternative for 1 year olds is soft cubes. They are easy to shift, squeeze, they will not hurt the child. But at the same time, their danger is that the child does not form a logical connection between shape and weight. There is a kind of cubes that need to be added in a certain sequence and get a picture. They can be marked with letters, which allows them to be used in teaching reading.

The main types of toys for physical education

It is difficult to argue with the fact that in addition to spiritual education, physical education should be given. After all, health is established from childhood, and in the nature of the child it is natural to desire to move. For this, sports toys are used. For example, hoops and balls are needed to develop general motor skills, and the rope is needed for endurance. These include scooters, bicycles, etc. We should also mention games such as table football and the like.



It is no less popular to arrange all kinds of sports complexes in the child's room. So he can give vent to his activity and physically train. As a rule, complexes consist of rings, the Swedish wall, ropes. It all depends on the size of the room. Any toys in this group are aimed at developing physical data. So, the game "towns", the task of which is to bring down a bat structure from dice, is aimed at the development of the eye.

Theater and musical toys

Already in ancient times, people clearly realized that different types of children's toys solved different problems. For example, musical toys were created to develop special hearing. They are used during children's parties and in independent play. They can be miniatures of real objects: xylophones, metallophones, drums, etc. For the development of speech, it is considered useful to play a certain rhythm on them and ask the child to repeat it.

There are also musical plot toys. For example, if you carry out certain actions with the object, a melody will play. Some types of soft toys are equipped with a miniature player. Pressing the button will play the song. IN recent years due to the large abundance of counterfeit products, these types of toys are more likely to be harmful, since they do not meet the quality criteria: aesthetics, production from good materials and harmoniousness.

Separately, it is worth mentioning theatrical types of toys. They can be puppets, bibabos, plot figures, etc. The peculiarity is that using them, you can create a small representation. At the same time, experts do not recommend using them in everyday life, since they should be associated with the holiday.

Constructors and stuff

There are different types of toys, photos of which can be seen in the article. It is useful to use constructors and building materials to develop spatial imagination. Technical vehicles include various vehicles, household items, such as cameras or telescopes. They can be equipped with small motors and engines, which makes the subject fascinating for children.

Hand-made

Despite the wide range of products in stores, it is still popular to make toys with your own hands. Their types are diverse. They can be created for theatrical performances, role-playing game and other needs. They can be skillfully executed, or they can be done with a quick hand. Also, the creation of toys is used in the activities of schoolchildren to educate the skill of creation.



When choosing toys, remember that they must be made of quality material. Do not skimp on children, as at best a cheap toy will break, and at worst harm the child (low-quality materials can be toxic). Choose trusted stores.

From an early age, the child should be surrounded by toys, since his main activity in preschool age is play. Different types toys allow him to develop comprehensively. It is useful to periodically hide some objects and get others, then the child does not have time to get bored with them. Also remember that for a certain age their toys are selected.