The accumulative pension is formed from employers' contributions, their own transfers and government funding to the personal account of the Pension Fund. Regulated by Federal Law No. 167-FZ dated December 15, 2001 "On compulsory pension insurance in the Russian Federation".

The procedure for forming and paying

Since 2015, there is a new pension formula. According to it, the employer makes insurance premiums from own funds (wage fund) in the amount of 22% of the salary of officially working citizens. 6% of them accounted for the base part (solidarity) - fixed payments to today's retirees, 16% - to an individual tariff, this is the facial account of the worker, the number of which is listed in SNILS.

Until 2015, citizens gave the opportunity to decide whether they would have these 16% were separated as a cumulative and insurance part of the pension or the last one will remain. For those who chose both parts, 10% go to the insurance, and 6% - to the accumulative one. Since 2014, this six percent introduced a moratorium, which will continue until 2020. Perhaps this period will be extended.

Such a need was caused by a lack of money for payments to current pensioners. Nevertheless, the accumulation amounts in the accounts of citizens nominally continue to form. As soon as the economic situation is normalized, people will be able to return this money, which will again accumulate, just now they are "frozen" - do not bring profit and they cannot be taken away.

• Citizens who were born since 1967 and worked after 2001
• Men from 1953 to 1966 births and women - from 1957 to 1966 on the basis of 2 percent deductions from the salary in 2002-2004. at the expense of the employer.
• Citizens involved in the state co-financing program. Their personal pension deductions are complemented by budget in the ratio of 50/50 (ranging from 2 to 12 thousand rubles).
• Persons who ordered maternal capital to translate into the accumulative part of the pension.
• Individual entrepreneurs who made insurance premiums in 2002-2005.

Withdraw pension accumulations before retirement (insured) it is impossible. As an exception, they are provided early together with the insurance part of preferential categories: employees of the Far North, Locomotive Brigades, Mines, Fish Industry Courts, Passenger Routes, Civil Aviation, Education, Health Agencies, Large Mothers, Disabled, etc. (No. 400-ФЗ dated December 28, 2013, Article 30 and 32).

How to dispose of pension savings

The accumulative part of the labor pension matters if a citizen is going to monitor interest accrues, to invest additional money from income. You can dispose of personal account money in several ways:

1. Leave funds in the Russian Pension Fund before the occurrence of old age and obtain the right of payments. The FIU disposes of these money by investing them into securities, and it acts quite conservatively. The percentage of accruals is only a bit ahead of inflation. Profit is insignificant, but the warranty of reliability at the highest level.
2. Transfer pension savings into a non-state pension fund (NPF) with the preservation of investment profits. It will work if the last such translation was made at least 5 years ago. For example, in 2019, with the benefit of "transferred" money in the NPF, only if the previous design for the change of the foundation was done no later than 2013
3. Transfer accumulated funds to the NPF ahead of schedule, having lost income. This will happen if it has not yet passed 5 years since the previous transition. Those. If you change the fund more often than once every five years, percentage will occur.
4. To direct the means of maternal capital for the cumulative part. It can make women who born the second or subsequent children and only after the child is 3 years old. You can translate the entire amount of maternal capital (453,026 p. In 2019) or some part at will.
5. Do additional investments at your own expense. In addition, some organizations make such premium contributions to their employees, which are bonuses of the social package.

The highest profit from 6 percent savings can be obtained from the NPF with an active investment policy, but also a high degree of risk, so it is important to choose a stable and effective fund. It is important to study his activities on such criteria:

• Ranking reliability. It can be viewed in the data of the National Rating Agency or Expert RA.
• Age. It is better to choose a fund that appeared in the early 90s., I.e., before the 1998 crisis, withstanding the economic downturn, he has already proved his ability to manage the means of citizens.
• Yield. You can see it from the same rating agencies or on the site of the NPF itself. Even at high indicators should not be underestimated the remaining criteria.
• Large founders. Industrial high-value enterprises or financial institutions like Sberbank or VTB are a key to stability. Small companies or individuals are not such good guarantors.
• Savings control. The site of the non-state fund must have a convenient monitoring system and the presence of a working feedback.
• Reputation. It is necessary to study the reviews of people storing a pension in this NPF, to read criticism, see how justified it is.

Return of the accumulative part of retirees retirees

The payment of the accumulative part of the pension is supposed to be citizens who have reached the retirement age and the right to the insurance part (No. 424-FZ dated December 28, 2013, Article 6). Citizens need to appeal to the institution that keeps their savings by submitting a corresponding statement, passport, SNILS, employment records (and other documents confirming the experience), the printout of bank details.

On the personal account must be accumulated more than 5% of the insurance part. Employed pensioners can also qualify for payments. At the same time, working, they can increase their retirement capital, making additional contributions.

Type of pension payments	Description and mechanism of procedure
One-time	It is necessary to citizens whose accumulations make up 5% and less from the insurance part. The whole amount is issued immediately.
Life (perpetual)	Funds are paid until the end of life. Monthly sums are calculated on the basis of the alleged period. For 2019, it is equal to 246 months.
	Monthly payouts during the period specified by a periodic period that cannot be less than 10 years. There are funds from the co-financing program, employer and maternal capital contributions.

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But, if a citizen became a pensioner, but did not apply for the establishment of this pension, he may at any time submit an application for its appointment. When applying, it is enough to present a passport and a SNILS certificate.

If the insured person of accumulation was formed in non-state pension fundThe purpose of this payment must be treated directly in the NPF.

Inspectorate (lifelong) pension payment

The payment of the accumulative pension (life) is made in the event of the right to the angle insurance pension, if the appointed amount of pension savings more than 5% of the size of the insurance.

Submit an application for the establishment of this payment personally or through a legal representative. After the adoption of documents for their consideration, ten working days from the date of admission are given.

If all documents are provided and correspond to reality, then the monthly accumulative pension is established, which is paid together with the insurance pension For the current month. These payments are continuing until the end of life Insured face. It is also important to remember that after the death of a citizen, the remainder of pension savings is not paid to successors.

Urgent pension payment

Also, all the accumulations can receive persons receiving disability pension or on the occasion of the loss of the breadwinner, which have experience less than laid.

If the insured person chooses this type of payment, its application is seen within a month from the date of the provision of documents. In case of a positive solution, the entire amount of pension savings paid within two months From the date of adoption of this decision.

Citizen Kuznetsova Alexander Georgievna born in 1961 has a working experience of 32 years. In February 2018 she turned 55 years old, and she retired. After checking all the necessary documents, it was calculated by an insurance pension in old age in the amount of 15 thousand rubles.

Alexander Georgievna's non-state pension funds never concluded voluntary contributions to the future accumulative pension did not. But since the year of her birth is included in the period from 1957 to 1966, there are pension savings on her personal account. This happened due to the fact that in the period from 2002 to 2004, inclusive of its employer paid insurance premiums to the accumulative pension, in accordance with the law in force at that time.

Thus, a cumulative pension has formed a cumulative pension. But since the amount of pension savings on its personal account was about 4 thousand rubles, then when appropriate or indefinite payments, it may be a cumulative pension of less than 5% of its insurance pension, therefore, the accumulation will be paid at a time (one payment).

Accumulative pension after the death of the insured person

In accordance with Article 1183 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the federal law No. 424 of the accumulation may be in the case of the death of the insured person under the contract or by law.

Under the contract heir can become any individual or several persons, if it is indicated in the contract or in a statement about the distribution of funds. At the same time, a citizen may indicate different shares for successors.

If there is no such statement, then all the accumulations of the deceased are distributed between its relatives in equal parts.

• The right to pay relatives first turn (Parents, children, husband or wife).
• If these are not, then the means of pension savings will be divided between relatives second stage (brothers, sisters, grandchildren, grandparents, grandmothers).

However, it is possible to become a successor only if the insured citizen died:

1. before the appointment of payments;
2. after appointing an urgent payment;
3. after appointing a one-time payment, provided that it was not paid to the deceased.

Pension assigned to the insured person indefinite, inherited is not transmitted.

The procedure for paying pension savings

Pension accumulations can be obtained in several ways together with the insurance monthly payment or with a pension for state support.

• Like any other pension provision, the payment of the accumulative pension can carry out Post office. At the same time, the citizen is entitled to make delivery to the house.
• Special organizationscarrying out the delivery of pensions can also offer their services for the delivery of funds to the house. The list is available in the territorial body of the FIU.
• You can also make a cash receipt through bank, then the money will be listed on the bank account or map.

More convenient way for yourself chooses a pensioner himself. A citizen is also entitled to change the delivery method, pre-providing the territorial body of the FIU.

Receive funds can both the pensioner himself and its trustee in the presence of an appropriate power of attorney.

Concept of individual pension capital instead of a cumulative pension

For the fourth year, the government is forced to extend, which proves the ineffectiveness of the existing, in which the formation of pension savings from mandatory contributions to the FIU is supposed. The Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank offered to upgrade the system, transferring the accumulative element in voluntary form. when fees working citizens will exercise alone from his salary. Previously, such a reform was already offered the Ministry of Finance as one of the items of modernizing the pension system.

The value of contributions will be from 0% to 6%At the same time, they will be held by the employer from the wages of their employee and go directly at the NPF.

• The government proposes to provide benefits in the form tax deduction on the amount made.
• Also, a citizen will be able to remove no more than 20% of these funds and spend at its discretion. At the same time, the issue of complete seizure of accumulations in the event of a "complex life situation" (illness, periods of temporary disability, etc.) is discussed.

This reform of the formation of pension savings can take place in the near future.

Conclusion

The right to accumulative retirement is not all, but any adult citizen has the right to voluntarily form your future provisionBy listed to your personal account insurance premiums. In addition, it is given the right to choose the policyholder: citizens can form their accumulations in the non-state pension fund (NPF) or in the management company of the State Pension Fund (FFR).

Also insured persons have the right to change both the management company and the funds themselves. But it is important to remember that a longer period of control by the insurer of savings is more profitable For the insured person. The amount of payment of this pension is calculated on the basis of the payment type chosen by the insured person.

Before reforming in Russia, a distribution pension system existed - contributions that employed employers from the employee's salary were sent to the PF of the Russian Federation, and from there to cover the insurance payments of other citizens. After the reform, the pensioner produces the calculation of the size of insurance payments and the accumulative part of the pension is separately charged, which directly depends on the amount of contributions paid from wages.

What is the accumulative part of the pension

It is possible to count on the insurance pension charges in old age only if there is a complete work experience, otherwise citizens receive a social payments established by the state. What is a storage pension for the insured person? With the reform of the insurance system, the pensioners acquired the right to receive an increase in the size of charges (social or old age) due to the direction of the paid contributions to individual accounts of employed persons.

The accumulated means belong to a particular person, are not redirected to payments to other pensioners and the account holder is guaranteed to achieve the retirement age even in the absence of the required insurance experience. The contributions of the employer who are stored on a personal account of a citizen, got a name - the accumulative part of the pension.

Law on the cumulative part of the pension

Regulation is carried out by law:

1. "On a cumulative pension." He was adopted on December 28, 2013, the changes were made on 05/23/2016.
2. "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on compulsory pension insurance in terms of the right to choose by insured persons of the Pension Provision Option" of December 4, 2013.

From what year began

The accumulative part of the labor pension began to form after assigning to all citizens of the personal account of the personal account. From 2002 to 2004, part of the contributions paid by the employer is sent to the accumulative pension fund and settles on personal accounts of employed persons. Since 2016, the right to further form the accumulation is provided only to citizens of born in 1967 and younger.

Decide and declare the decision of the choice of the insurance premium distribution system, they were required until the end of 2015. For those who have begun, time to choose a system of distribution of insurance premiums is 5 years or before the execution of the employee is 23 years. For Merchants, who have not written a statement, automatically all 22 percent of contributions will be sent to insurance payments.

The difference between the accumulative part of the pension from the insurance

The disadvantage of the formation of savings is that this funds do not provide indexation to the inflation rate - the insured part is indexed annually. There are positive differences in this type of payments:

1. The entire amount of savings is paid upon the occurrence of the insured event even in the absence of compulsory employment experience.
2. The ability to receive income is to increase the amount of the listed contributions by investing.
3. Provided the right to inherit the death pension of the deceased.

How is formed

For the formation of accumulation, the following sources are provided for by law:

1. Mandatory pension deductions. They include focused on personal account of employed faces of the period of 2002-2004, as well as the distribution of contributions listed by the employer after the 2013 pension reform. According to the adopted law, 16 percent are deducted to insurance payments. The tariff for funding accumulative payments is 6%. Since 2014, a moratorium on the formation of savings has been introduced: due to the lack of funds in the state budget, the entire amount of paid contributions is sent to insurance payments. The freezing of storage enumerations were extended for 2019.
2. Voluntary contributions are provided for all categories of citizens.
3. Fund fund co-financing pensions. From 2008 to November 5, 2015, persons who have made money on a personal account in the amount of from 2000 to 12,000 rubles received an increase in the amount of savings by 2 times. For citizens who have reached the retirement age and not applicants for the accrual of pension payments, the amount of money made is four times.
4. Maternity capital can be replenished with a personal account in the event of writing a statement by the insured person.

Calculation of a cumulative pension

From January 2015, approaches and the procedure for accrualing pension payments are changed:

1. The method of accrualing the insurance part is based on the accounting of annual pension points, the value of which depends on the level of earnings.
2. The former concept of basic size in the calculation formula is replaced by a fixed indicator, which is approved by the decision of the government and is the minimum, guaranteed by the state with the obligatory insurance period, the level of pension payments.
3. Increasing the size of pension charges is possible due to the accumulation of the amount of insurance points and the use of the pension coefficient, which increases with an increase in the age of access to a well-deserved rest.

Since that time, the accumulative part of the pension is highlighted in an independent view and is calculated separately. The listed contributions are taken into account in monetary terms and are fully paid to citizens when retirement age reaches or in the appointment of social benefits to beneficiaries. The size of monthly payments to citizens is determined by dividing the total amount of accumulated funds by the number of expected months of receiving accruals.

In 2019, the approved value is used for the calculation - 240 (time of survival after retirement is considered 20 years). When leaving for a well-deserved rest at the age of the older than established by the legislation, the amount of payments increases due to a decrease in the number of months. After the appeal, the calculation takes into account all means focused on a personal account:

• insurance and voluntary contributions;
• maternal capital;
• posterness obtained under the co-financing program;
• revenues accrued in investing savings.

How to find out the amount of savings

If there is a contract with the Sberbank NPF, you can get information about the amount of accumulations on the organization's website. To do this, enter the passport details and go to your personal account. For information on the status of the account, you can use the Bank's services - NPF partner. For this you need:

• fill out an application;
• get an extract about the status of the account.

Through the Internet

Information on the amount of savings can be obtained on the PFR website. To do this, in the Personal Cabinet of the Portal of Public Services:

• communicate: fill out the form provided;
• confirm registration using the received code;
• wait for access to the account;
• authorized;
• activate the Electronic Services section;
• choose Pension Fund;
• find out the data.

Pension fund

It is possible to obtain information about the status of a personal account in the PF at the place of residence or in the non-state pension fund, with which an agreement on investing contributions is concluded. For this you need:

• press the passport and insurance number employee;
• to write an application;
• wait 10-15 minutes and get a certificate about the amount of accumulated funds.

Through the employer

How to find out the accumulative part of the retirement to a job a citizen? Access to the data of the insured person has an employer who makes contributions. To seek information necessary in the company's accounting department and:

• present passport and personal account number;
• write or state an interpretation of information issuance;
• get an extract.

Payment of the accumulative part of the pension

After applying for the payment of the insured person, monthly accruals will calculate. To obtain funds, several schemes are provided:

1. One-time payment. The issuance of all savings is made by one amount.
2. Urgent. The payout duration determines the account owner, but it cannot be less than 10 years.
3. Lifetime. Payments are made monthly.

Who can get

The right to receive accumulated funds is provided for by law for categories of citizens who are complied with conditions at the same time:

• the insured persons were employed, and for them, the employer with wages listed insurance premiums to the Pension Fund;
• the insured case has come;
• at the time of making a pension, there is a balance of funds on a personal account.

When you can get

The time of circulation of insured citizens for registration of accumulation accumulations is not regulated by the legislation, and the payments for payment (destination) of payments are established as:

• next date by appointment day and package of documents.
• next after the day of dismissal Date, if the application is written for 30 days after the cessation of labor relations with the employer.

How to get early

Until the insurance age, it is possible to arrange early pension on the occasion of disability. Early receipt is possible when the death of the insured person is commended. Rererencers can get the accumulation of the deceased in the statement in PF. In the absence of such a document, the right of receipt have heirs - close relatives in the event of a statement within 6 months from the date of death.

Return of the cumulative part of the pension

Who can get the accumulative part of the pension at the same time in accordance with the legislation? Such payments are provided:

1. For persons receiving insurance payments for disability, with a loss of a breadwinner or social security (in which the retirement age is missing or retirement points)
2. For citizens whose calculated accrual size is 5% and less on the size of labor payments.

Control of the cumulative part of the pension

According to the law, the insured person has the right to independently dispose of accumulations. The decision to create accumulations must be written in the FIU and choose one of the options:

• management company (CC) having an agreement with PF;
• investment portfolio of the state management company (GUK) - Vnesheconombank;
• non-state Pension Fund (NPF).

Due to which the accumulative pension increases

During the labor activity, the amount of pension accumulation of the insured person may exceed the amount of the funds listed at the expense of investment provided by law. Contributions are used by companies to finance the economy - are placed in government bonds or shares of Russian enterprises and bring profits to its owners.

How to choose a NPF for a storage part

When choosing one of the options: UK or GUK, the insured person remains registered with the PF, and the selected company receives the right to dispose of accumulations in the stock market. A high profit percentage can be obtained at the conclusion of the contract with the NPF. With this embedding of investments, the receipt of contributions and income from investment is conducted by the NPF Management Company. The following factors may indicate in favor of choosing a company:

• significant duration of its activities;
• a large number of insured persons who choose the company;
• stable financial indicators;
• positive customer feedback;
• the first positions in the ranking according to independent agencies.

How to translate the cumulative part of the pension

The insured person is given the possibility of transition from one Foundation to another. When deciding to translate into the NPF or the Criminal Code, you must visit the office of the selected company with the passport and the SNILS card, conclude an agreement, and then write a statement in the PF to transfer funds. In the case of the transition to the GUK, you need to provide statements in PF. The decision on the translation is accepted next year until March 31.

The insured persons can enjoy the possibility of transition annually. Without loss, the transfer of funds can be possible every five years. Managing companies reserve the right not to pay income if such a rule is broken. In the case when money is transferred at a loss of the company period, you can get accumulations of less than the nominal value.

How to use the accumulative part of the pension

According to the legislation, the insured person provides three options for using contributions:

1. Refuse accumulative contributions to increase insurance deductions. With this method, the amount of pension points will increase. Only in the case of the presence of a mandatory work experience when reached retirement age, you can hope for increasing the overall amount of insurance accrual.
2. To form accumulations, use them to invest over the NPF - so the state provides the possibility of insured persons to make a profit not with their own free funds, but from mandatory contributions. Sometimes the profitability of such investments exceeds interest rates on bank deposits.
3. Invest funds with the participation of GUK or UK. If there is no confidence in non-state structures, there is a possibility to use the services of companies whose activities are strictly controlled by the state. Profitability for such an accommodation is lower than when investing through NPF. Often the percentage of profits on such investments is equal to the level of inflation.

For citizens decisive, how to dispose of accumulative contributions, you need to take into account the following nuances:

1. The right to transition to the formation of cumulative payments is provided once.
2. Time and number of transitions to accrual only the insurance part is not regulated.

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A person always gives preference to current benefits compared to future. Make the population to save on old age you can only forcibly. This is practiced a mandatory state accumulative system and a corporate system, when the company will voluntarily contribute to its future retirement to their future retirement. Those few highly organized and conscious people who want to accumulate, it is easier to find convenient and efficient formats themselves. But provided that they do not spend these means before retirement, and in the pension period they will spend reasonably. It is also fundamentally important and the fact that a country having a rapidly aging population without a cumulative element in the pension system is waiting for a serious destabilization of finance, because there will be nothing to pay pensions. Knowing this, sensible investors avoid investing long-term funds.

In pension reform, fundamental changes relate to the insurance pension, which from January 1, 2015 will be calculated on the new pension formula. The methodology and formula for determining the accumulative pension practically did not change, which cannot be said about the attitude of the authorities. Without refusing to completely from the cumulative pension, they are economically trying to displace it from the scope of mandatory insurance deductions so that it becomes mainly voluntary, as practiced in developed countries. For this, the raising coefficients are invented, which put a mandatory accumulative part of the pension in the losing position compared to the insurance part.

Perfectly, when a person himself takes care of his prosperous old age, does not really hope for the state. Worldwide, the accumulative pension system is the best way to force a person to make pension savings, do not give it to spend them to retirement and allow to spend evenly throughout the time of survival. A Russian who would like to have any tangible accumulative retirement must postpone current affairs and try to figure out - is it possible in Russian conditions?

Existing pension system

Since 2002, a mixed pension system, including the distributional (insurance) and cumulative parts, in Russia has been undergoing in Russia for people of 1967.

The employer is deducted to the Pension Fund of Russia (FIU) an insurance premium of 22% of the employee's remuneration fund (excess of its salary), of which:

6% come to the joint part intended to pay pensions to the current pensioners, and are not taken into account on the individual personal account of the employee, does not affect its future pension;

10% are nominally taken into account when determining the insurance part of the future pension of the employee, these money also go to the solidarity;

6% are sent to the accumulative part of the pension. These funds are excluded from the "Solidar Wallet", reducing the budget of the pension fund, the deficit of which exceeds 1 trillion rubles.

Before 1967, the accumulative part of the old-age labor pension do not have. There is such a scheme for them: 6% of insurance premiums come to the solidarity, 16% in insurance. The right to accrual an old-age pension has men from 60 years old and women from 55 years who have worked at least 5 years.

The period of surviving during which the pensioner receives a pension, until 2016 is 19 years old, or 228 months.

The fixed basic size of the insurance part, which is paid along with the insurance and accumulative parts, is the same for all pensioners - does not depend on the state of the individual personal account. His magnitude annually determines the government. In 2013, he was equal to 3610 rubles.

In 2014, the accumulative pension is not formed by anyone.

Insurance pension is still mandatory. A fixed payment is tied to it. Employees of 1967 born and younger grant:

- save accumulative pension . The rate of insurance premiums for the accumulative part will be equal to 6%. At the same time, the insurance pension will decrease, as insurance premiums will go at a rate of 10% and the increasing coefficients will be lower than in the case when the mandatory accumulation of the pension is not formed. Accumulative pension is not indexed on the level of inflation. The profitability of pension savings depends on the results of their investment by the non-state pension fund or the management company in the financial market. It is possible both plus and minus. Success largely depends on the chosen NPF means, and on the ability of the employee to make the right decision. In case of losses, the payment of only paid insurance premiums for a storage retirement is guaranteed. The accumulative pension is still taken into account in rubles, and not in points. The mechanism of its definition is simpler and more transparent. Accumulative pension is inherited.

• if the employee did not change the tariff for the formation of the accumulative part of the pension in 2013, did not translate pension savings in NPF and / or back to the Pension Fund, since 2014, 16% of insurance premiums (out of 22%) will be sent to the insurance pension, 6% in general "solidarized wallet" without affecting the size of the future employee pension;
• "Melchuna", which never filed an application for the choice of NPF or the management company, including Vnesheconombank, and decided to form a cumulative pension (at a rate of 6%), must under December 31, 2015 to submit a statement about the choice of NPF or management company to the Pension Fund, pre- By concluding an agreement on compulsory pension insurance with him. Otherwise, all insurance premiums (16%) will be sent to the formation of an insurance pension;
• if an employee in previous years at least once filed a statement about the choice of NPF or the Criminal Code, including Vnesheconombank, and it was satisfied, 6% of the tariff will continue to be transferred to the accumulative retirement - without an additional application. It is required if the employee refuses to form a cumulative pension;
• who in 2013 filed an application for the choice of the State Managing Company "Vnesheconombank" with a tariff of 2%, from 2014 by default the accumulative part ceases to be formed. 16% of insurance premiums go to the formation of a pension without an additional application. If the employee wants to form a storage part of 6%, then before December 31, 2015 should submit a new statement about the choice of NPF or the Criminal Code into the pension fund, preliminarily concluded a compulsory pension insurance contract.

The choice during 2014-2015 is allowed to make only once. In order for it to be conscious, you need to get into the essence of the problem.

Accumulative pension

The accumulative part of the old-age labor pension established before January 1, 2015, after this date will be considered a cumulative pension.

Pension accumulations Workers in 1967 born and younger in the highest possible look like this:

pension accumulations

=

insurance premiums for fundamental pension, Listed by the employer at a rate of 6% (Mandatory Pension Insurance)

+

insurance premiums listed by the employer within Corporate Pension Program (Voluntary Pension Insurance their employees large enterprises)

+

additional insurance premiums, listed by the employer for the employee and the state as part of co-financing a pension

+

maternity capital aimed at Formation of a cumulative pension (Voluntary Pension Insurance)

+

investment revenues In the financial market of all these funds

If the employee does not participate in the corporate pension program and the state co-financing program, the mother (family) capital is not on pension needs, the second, third and fourth components in this formula will not be. These are purely voluntary components of the accumulative pension.

Pension State Co-Financing Program started on October 1, 2008, in order to interest workers to make voluntary additional contributions to their future retirement, as practiced in developed countries. To join the program, it was enough to submit an application to the Pension Fund until October 1, 2013 (this date is extended approximately before January 1, 2015) and make the first installment until December 31, 2013. The minimum contribution is 2 thousand rubles per year, the maximum - 12 thousand rubles. Options are possible here:

The employee itself contributes through the bank or, according to his statement, it makes an employer for him, deducting the appointed amount or percentage of salary for him. The listed amounts extends deduction from income tax;

The employer can become a voluntary second party to co-financing the funded part of his employee's pension. For him, stimuli is also provided: it is exempt from the payment of insurance premiums in the amount of the contribution paid (but not more than 12 thousand rubles per year per employee), this contribution reduces taxable profits.

The state of contributions received for the year the state increases in proportion 1: 1, that is, adds as much as much as the state budget, but not more than 12 thousand rubles per year.
For those who have achieved retirement age and continue to work, benefits were provided: on 1 Personal ruble of the operating budget 4 rubles, but not more than 48 thousand rubles per year. From October 1, 2013, a restriction was introduced: the Russians that reached the retirement age and receive any kind of pension, no longer count on co-financing.

The rules of co-financing operate for 10 years from the moment of the first contribution. Optionally, you can get out of the program before. After January 1, 2015, the state will continue to co-finance contributions that have already entered the program, but accepting applications from new participants will be discontinued. The corresponding contributions by order of the employee are invested, as well as other pension savings. In 2009, 2.2 million workers participated in the co-financing program, in 2010 - 4.0 million, in 2012- 6.8 million, in 2012 - 10.4 million, in 2013 - 15.9 million.

Maternal (family) capital It is possible to partially or completely send to the formation of a cumulative pension of the mother who born or adopted the second or subsequent child. Only 2% of families who do not need to improve housing conditions, do not want to pay for family capital education children (children receive education abroad, the family was afraid of a complex bureaucratic payment procedure for educational services) and decided to replenish pension savings. In order to direct the maternity capital on the formation of a cumulative pension, the owner of the certificate for this capital should apply to the Pension Fund after the child achievement of the three-year-old age. The new statement can be abandoned from this decision.

Pension accumulations of NPF or management companies invest in the financial market in the calculation of obtaining additional income. The yield depends on the state of the market, the diversity of sources of investment, the qualifications of the managers, that is, damages are not excluded.

The State Managing Company Vnesheconombank has the right to invest pension savings in two investment portfolios: base - formed from the bonds of the Russian Federation and corporate bonds of Russian issuers guaranteed by the state; advanced - formed from state securities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, corporate bonds Russian issuers guaranteed by the state of deposits (in rubles and currency) in banks, mortgage securities, bonds of international financial organizations. VEB can redeem no more than 30% of one issue of corporate bonds and no more than 20% of the total issuer's total issuer. In order for the return on investing in pension savings above, the FIU suggests allowing more actively to invest in corporate and infrastructure bonds. But private managers are skeptical, since the return from infrastructure projects rarely exceeds the inflation rate.

In 2012, the yield on pension savings in Vnesheconombank was 9.2%, 6.7-7.2% in NPF. At a longer distance (2004-2012), medium inflation was 9.6% and exceeded the return on pension savings. Therefore, to say which system is more efficient, while early, too little time passed.

Adjusting the recovery period . If the employee will work after reaching the retirement age, its accumulative pension will increase, because pension savings will continue to form and share they will not be formed by the upright 228 months, but by few months. The expected period of payment of the accumulative pension is reduced by 12 months for each full year, worked out from the date of acquiring the right to prescribe a pension. But the recovery period cannot be less than 168 months (14 years old). In other words, the Government welcomes the work of a potential pensioner for no more than 5 years. All that beyond that in the offset will not go and the benefit will not affect. And in the formation of the insurance pension, the increasing coefficients grow for 10 years of work after reaching the retirement age.

Periods for receiving pension savings after retirement differ:

• the mandatory component of retirement savings (insurance premiums of employers and income from their investment) is divided for the period of survival (228 months) minus the number of months worked out after reaching the retirement age, but at least 168 months. It turns out life cumulative pension;
• for each of the voluntary components of pension savings (on insurance premiums on corporate pension programs, according to the co-financing program, on maternal capital - taking into account the income from their investment) at the time of the prescription of the pension, a person can choose: to receive them for life as part of a storage pension according to the algorithm for the mandatory component or as urgent pension pay. In the second case, the period determines the pensioner himself, but it cannot be less than 10 years;
• all pension savings can be paid to a pensioner. one-timeIf they make up a small amount that does not exceed 5% of the total old-age pension (insurance plus a cumulative part).

Cumulative pension . The accumulative pension will be assigned to those who have the right to an old-age insurance pension in accordance with the law "On Insurance Pensions", naturally, in the presence of pension savings. The right to the angle insurance pension in 2025 will have men from 60 years old and women from 55 years old, provided that their individual retirement factor is at least 30 points, and insurance experience is at least 15 years. To this maximum Russians will come for 10 years:

year	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
threshold individual pension coefficient
point	not lower than 6.6	9,0	11,4	13,8	16,2	18,6	21,0	23,4	25,8	28,2	30,6
threshold insurance experience
years	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	15

The accumulative retirement will establish and will pay the fund in which the employee's pension savings were formed, NPF or Pension Fund. To him and it will be necessary to apply (including for registration and obtaining urgent or lump-sum pension payments of pension savings). Paying and delivered the accumulative pension will be in the manner and deadlines established for insurance pensions. If pension savings were formed in the pension fund, the accumulative pension will be delivered simultaneously with the insurance.

Adjustment of a lifelong accumulative pension and urgent pension payments will be made by a pension fund or NPF if pension savings were formed in it, on two grounds: on August 1 of each year, based on pension savings, which were not taken into account when appointing payment or previous adjustment, as well as the results of investing pension savings transmitted in Payout. Among these foundations there is no indexation to the level of inflation.

Inheritance of the accumulative pension . The authors of the pension reform came up with incentives to increase the insurance pension (increasing coefficients, indexation on the level of inflation, etc.). And the main advantage of the accumulative pension is that it is inherited.

If the employee died before appointing a cumulative pension, then the pension accumulations will receive its successors. Who and how much - the employee can determine in a statement in the NPF or the FIU, where it forms pension savings. Otherwise, it will be successors by law: 1st turn - parents, spouses and children of the deceased, 2nd - brothers, sisters, grandparents, grandchildren.

According to the inheritance of maternal capital in the composition of pension savings no choice and the recipient circle is narrowed - this is the father / adopter of the child or the child himself (children), if there is no father / adopter.

If a pensioner received a cumulative pension for some time, then the remnants will be paid, but only on condition that he chose not lifelong, but an urgent pension payment. The ability to choose urgent payment is provided only by additional contributions to the accumulative part of the pension and does not apply to the insurance premiums of employers in the framework of compulsory pension insurance.

Non-state pension funds

Paying a cumulative retirement is entitled, except for the Pension Fund, non-state pension funds in which pension savings were formed. NPF in Russia were created as non-commercial organizations - This means that they should not have profits. That is, the income received when investing in the investment of pension savings is obliged to distribute to the accounts of its customers (future pensioners), and for its work he receives commissions for his own needs - no more than 15% of investment income. When investing in assets, the NPF should meet the standards of safety, profitability and diversification (diversity) prescribed by the law. The NPF has no purpose to receive extensions, it is enough to exceed the level of official inflation. Standards for posting pension reserves and investment controls the Federal Antimonopoly Service, the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank. All NPFs are licensed. Non-state pension funds entrusted their pension savings of 21 million people from 70 million working.

From the fact that NPFs are non-profit organizations, it follows that they have no owners (only founders) and formally funds cannot be sold. In practice, this leads to the fact that companies control the NPF through its advice or administrator. Change control (actually selling) passes noteplacefully, draws out through the change of the Council (administrator) of the Foundation.

Required pension savings and pension reserves of non-state pension funds:

By October 2013, 1.8 trillion rubles of pension savings "Molchunov" accumulated in Vnesheconombank.

In recent years, the sphere of NPF has become attractive for large businesses: these "cash bags" are replenished regularly, and the money in the financial market can be bought on money. Thus, NPF "Surgutneftegaz" became the main shareholder of UTair, NPF Gazfond manages a significant stake in Gazprombank. The Nosos-Bank's share accommodation was actively involved in the LUKOIL-Garant NPF, the LUKOIL-Garant NPF, over which, a year ago, the opening financial corporation was established, that is, pension funds were embedded in complex transactions. However, most transactions with the participation of pension funds are not advertised, remains non-public. The fact is that it is impossible to formally buy NPF.

Consultants are described as the scheme used: it is taken in the bank a loan, "bought" NPF is "bought", a few issues of bonds are made to retirement money, the money attracted through bonds is bought assets. The deposit scheme is also working similarly. Having placed the NPF funds in a relative bank at a 5-year deposit rate below inflation, you can get back this money in the form of a loan on sparing conditions. It is unlikely that new investors need a "pension business", they buy a "car", collecting billions of rubles from the market, which then can be investigated under 2-3% per annum in long-term projects. If such a scheme leads to the bankruptcy of the NPF, the reputation of all private funds will suffer. Will the funds, which are used, are used in this way, check and new licensing, which the Central Bank arranges in 2014-2015?

The authors of the pension reform decided to make more clarity, transparency and safety (remove unreliable NPF and create a system for guaranteeing pension savings) to this sphere where large "socially dangerous" means are addressed. The government instructed the Central Bank to analyze the financial consistency and professionalism of 116 NPF licenses for activities in the field of compulsory pension insurance, and leave only those who have a sustainable financial base.

In 2014-2015, NPFs must be re-registered and turn into joint Stock Company (AO)That is, to become commercial organizations. They will be obliged to reveal their owners to the central bank, confirm financial stability and join the savings guarantee system. But if the banks are guaranteed deposits of no more than 700 thousand rubles, then in NPF - pension contributions without an increase from their investment. If the NPF stops its activities, pension savings on compulsory pension insurance return to the pension fund so that employees can re-select the NPF - from those who have been checking the Central Bank.

Requirements for NPF who wished to work in the form of JSC will remain the same. This concerns the procedure for the formation and placement of pension reserves, investing pension savings, regulation and supervision. But the shareholders of NPF will have the right to participate in the management of the Foundation and will be responsible for its obligations. When the NPF becomes joint-stock companies, follow the transactions on sale, it will be easier and more convenient, since JSC is obliged to publish information about the owners, and non-profit organizations open only the names of the founders who often have nothing to do with the true owners.

The declared goal of the transformation of NPF into joint-stock companies is to protect future pensions from losses. However, some specialists fear that these JSC, like all commercial organizations, will strive to maximize profits. That is, they will not be customers (future pensioners), and shareholders who want to receive additional income in the form of dividends. It is known that when investing it is easier to increase the income, putting into highly risky instruments, the shareholders will be greatly seduced to "twist" other people's retirement money in the hope of earning more. Without special restrictions, the social aspect of the NPF can go away to "no".

The leaders of many NPF are positively related to the commercialization of funds, seeing the simplification of the mergers and acquisitions procedures, the possibility of attracting new active investments and their return, dividend payments. But they are confused by a harsh time. They are afraid of double taxation, additional income tax and reporting costs, learning accountants to new standards, to attract new lawyers and notaries, on deductions to the warranty fund.