Dermatological changes in persons with glucose tolerance are one of the main signs of the development of diabetes mellitus. The disease is characterized by dysfunction of almost all metabolic processes (protein, fat, carbohydrate), and this, in turn, affects the skin.

Diabetes mellitus is dry skin, as changes in the skin of diabetics are often classified. In 90% of people suffering from this diagnosis, various skin problems develop, their structure of the skin changes, darkening, peeling, ulcers or blisters appear.

Under normal conditions, the skin, due to its high water content, has a high degree of elasticity. But, if diabetes develops, the skin becomes lethargic, dry with the appearance of foci of peeling, since the pathological condition is characterized by a violation of many metabolic processes, including water.

Also, the formation of dryness is promoted by high blood sugar levels and the accumulation of toxic substances of impaired metabolism. All these changes in the body cause not only skin problems of the upper layer, but also lead to restructuring in the sweat, sebaceous glands and hair follicles.

Important. Often the appearance of dermatological symptoms such as hair loss, dry skin, itching and flaking indicate the onset of diabetes.

With the development of diabetes, the entire body undergoes pathological changes; skin diseases in diabetes mellitus are just one of the many negative factors.

The main causes of skin problems include:

• dysfunction of almost all metabolic processes;
• weakened immunity;
• the appearance of inflammatory processes in the epidermis layer, hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands (a consequence of diabetes);
• accumulation of substances of impaired metabolism in the cellular tissue;
• development of microangiopathy and diabetic polyneuropathy in diabetes.

Due to the formation of all of the above factors, the skin of diabetics is exposed to infection with pathogenic microorganisms. As the underlying disease progresses, gradual changes in the skin are observed.

Changes in the skin with diabetes

Skin lesions in diabetes mellitus are manifested as peeling, itching, dryness, sometimes ulcerative formations or blisters appear. Over time, when the peeling foci are touched, they begin to fall off in whole plates. With this kind of scalp damage, the diabetic begins to lose hair.

The palms and feet are at a greater risk of problems, since it is these parts of the body that are constantly in a state of friction. First of all, they become keratinized, calluses and corns appear, acquire a yellowish tint.

The main changes in the skin are characterized as follows:

• the skin becomes rough and dry to the touch, it is constantly thinning;
• the feet and palms become keratinized, calluses appear;
• growth of nail plates is noted;
• the skin becomes yellowish.

It is impossible to completely exclude already developed skin diseases in type 2 diabetes and in type 1 diabetes. But trying to improve the situation will allow simple hygiene rules, which we will talk about a little later.

Attention. Diabetics with skin problems should not use regular soap, as the substances contained in it lower the acidity of the epidermis, thereby reducing its resistance to pathogenic agents. Such people are advised to use pH-neutral soap, and it is better to cleanse their face with cosmetic moisturizing milk or a special aqueous solution.

Classification of dermatological changes in the skin in diabetics

Modern science, studying the skin manifestations of diabetes mellitus, describes more than 30 types of dermatological problems that appear as a result of diabetes, or serve as a prerequisite for the development of pathology.

They are all divided into 3 groups:

Table # 1. Groups of dermatological changes.

Group	Clarification
	Disorders of the skin, directly dependent on the development of diabetes. These include: diabetic xanthomatosis; necrobiosis is lipoid; itchy dermatoses; diabetic dermopathies; diabetic blisters, etc.
	The provocateurs of the development of secondary dermatoses are fungal, bacterial and infectious factors, the relapses of which occur against the background of diabetes mellitus.
	Dermatological lesions caused by drugs used to treat diabetes. These include: post-injection lipodystrophy; hives; toxidermia; eczematous reactions, etc.

Diabetic dermatoses, as a rule, are rather severe and difficult to treat. Diagnostics and medication are performed by endocrinologist and dermatologist.

Primary

This group includes dermatoses resulting from the development of diabetes mellitus. The severity of the course of pathological conditions depends on the progression of the underlying disease. Let's take a look at some of the primary skin problems.

Itchy dermatoses

This problem is also called neurodermatitis; skin rashes in diabetes are characterized by an itching sensation. Itchy dermatosis can be classified as the first signal for the development of diabetes.

Localization area:

• folds of the abdomen;
• intimate area;
• limbs.

There is no direct dependence on the intensity of itching and the severity of diabetes, but according to medical observations, there is an increase in itching during the period of "silent" and mild course of the underlying disease. Itchy dermatosis can appear already with an established diagnosis of diabetes, when the patient does not pay enough attention to blood sugar control.

Diabetic dermopathy

It is one of the most common skin lesions in diabetes. It is formed as a result of angiopathy (dysfunction of the microcirculation of the bloodstream, which supplies nutrients to the epidermis).

The problem is manifested by the appearance of brown-red papules on the anterior part of the leg, having a diameter of 5 to 12 mm. Basically, they are formed in men with diabetes, spots on the skin, merging into one whole, form one atrophic spot, the cover in this place becomes thinner.

The clinical picture is not expressed, there is no pain, but occasionally the patient feels itching and burning in the sore spot. There is no special therapy for the disease, as a rule, dermopathy goes away on its own after 1-2 years.

Rapid xanthomatosis

It appears mainly with inadequate blood sugar control and with high triglyceride levels. The corresponding skin rash in diabetes appears as a hard, waxy, pea-like plaque. They are yellow and surrounded by a red halo.

Itching is noted in the localization area, they can be found:

• on the buttocks;
• on the face;
• on the palms;
• the back of the upper limbs.

The risk group includes people diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who have high cholesterol levels.

Lipoid necrobiosis

Lipoid necrobiosis is a chronic skin problem characterized by the formation of steatosis (replacement of cells with adipose tissue). The cause of the problem is the development of diabetes mellitus. The risk group mainly includes women aged 15 to 45 years with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, but cases of the development of pathology in a diabetic of any age and gender are not excluded.

Important. The severity of the clinical picture of necrobiosis and the progression of diabetes are not directly related.

The reason for the development is:

• microangiopathy (damage to small vessels that supply nutrients to the layer of the epidermis);
• secondary necrobiotic disorders.

At the initial stage of dermatosis in the patient, characteristic small single plaques are formed on the anterior part of the leg, the color of which can vary from yellow to purple. The localization area becomes thinned, sores appear on it.

Focal formations tend to increase in size along the periphery. When ulceration occurs, the patient feels pain. After healing, brown scars remain on the site.

Interesting fact. According to scientific studies, in 1/5 of diabetics, necrobiosis can appear several years (from 1 to 10 years) before the first symptoms of diabetes appear.

Diabetic blisters

Diabetic blisters are skin rashes in diabetes mellitus that appear quite rarely. These blisters resemble burn blisters.

Localization zone:

• back;
• fingers and toes;
• legs;
• feet;
• forearms.

Dermatosis is usually painless, does not require special treatment, it goes away on its own. The risk group includes persons with diabetic neuropathy.

Peripheral atherosclerosis

This problem is expressed by a characteristic lesion of the blood vessels of the lower extremities. Atherosclerotic plaques form, which block the flow of blood in the vessels. Affects the nutrition of the skin, thinning and dryness of the skin is noted on the legs.

Even small wounds and scratches lead to the formation of suppuration. Patients feel pain in the muscles of the legs, usually it occurs when walking or other physical exertion. At rest, the pain goes away.

Annular granuloma

These are skin problems characterized by the appearance of an arched or ring-shaped rash.

Localization zone:

• hands;
• fingers;
• feet.

To date, the cause of the development of dermatosis has not been determined, but doctors say that the main cause of development is diabetes mellitus and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism that accompany the disease. The risk group most often includes women and children.

Secondary

The secondary group consists of diabetics, who develop fungal, bacterial and infectious dermatoses.

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal manifestation of diabetes mellitus on the skin, the onset of dermatosis is characterized by the appearance of itching in the fold zones. As symptoms increase, a whitish plaque is noted, and later cracks and sores appear. Not only the skin is affected, but also the mucous membranes.

Mycosis

Mycosis also belongs to the bacterial flora, develops against the background of contact with the skin of the pathogens of mycosis. Upon contact, the fungus begins to actively reproduce. As we know, diabetic patients have severely weakened immunity, so their skin is more susceptible to pathogenic agents.

If mycosis is localized on the nail structure (onychomycosis), then it is manifested by a change in the color of the nail plate, its stratification or thickening. Often, toenails are affected; when the plate thickens, it gives an additional load on the toe, which, when walking in shoes, leads to the formation of a diabetic ulcer.

Mycosis is accompanied by itching and irritation. To relieve the discomfort for diabetics, it is recommended to use daily cosmetic creams containing antibacterial and fungicidal complexes.

The use of talc and ointments containing zinc oxide is also allowed, they not only help to eliminate itching, but also prevent the further development of fungal infection.

Bacterial skin diseases

In medical practice, a huge variety of bacterial infections are distinguished that endanger the skin of diabetics. The most common pathogens are streptococcus and staphylococcus.

These bacteria pose a serious threat to human life, especially if there is no regular sugar control. They lead to the formation of boils, carbuncles, phlegmons, barley and diseases of the nail structure.

Important. Bacterial infections can lead to sepsis or gangrenous formations. They are quite difficult to treat, which aggravates the situation even more. Wounds infected with bacteria in diabetic foot threaten the patient with amputation of the limbs, and if untimely treatment, even death.

Bacterial infections, joining diabetes mellitus, lead to long-term and laborious treatment. In some situations, an increase in the dose of insulin received is required.

Therapy begins only after determining the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to the antibiotic. But until the test results are received, the patient is prescribed broad-spectrum antibacterial tablets.

If indicated, surgical actions are performed, for example, opening a boil or draining an abscess. The positive result of treatment depends on the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism and blood glucose levels.

Dermatoses arising from medication

We all know that diabetes is a disease that requires constant medication, which causes dermatoses of an allergic nature.

Rash and plaque

Various spots on the skin with diabetes, rashes, depressions and plaques can form as an allergic reaction of the body to insects, food, including medications. Persons diagnosed with type 1 diabetes should be especially attentive to the appearing changes in the upper layer of the epidermis.

Plaques and rashes are often localized where insulin is injected. This phenomenon is called post-injection lipodystrophy, it is characterized by atrophy or hypertrophy of adipose tissue at the site of regular injection.

Due to the constant irritant factor, the skin begins to react with the appearance of rashes, plaques and redness. An increased risk is noted with multiple injections of insulin into the same area of \u200b\u200bthe body.

Hives

Under the negative influence of the underlying disease, a person's immunity decreases, as a result of which chronic pathologies are aggravated and new ones are added. Often, the skin that is poorly resistant to pathogenic microorganisms reacts with the formation of dermatitis, and sometimes with urticaria.

Main localization area:

• feet;
• palms;
• ankle joints.

It is believed that it is in these areas of the cover that there is low blood circulation, and this is a favorable factor for the appearance of urticaria, which is expressed by the appearance of a characteristic small blistering rash.

Toxidermia

Toxidermia refers to toxic-allergic dermatosis. It is expressed by an inflammatory process that, like other numerous dermatitis, affects the skin, but in rare cases, mucous membranes are involved in the risk zone. It occurs mainly under the influence of drugs.

The result of the defeat is the introduction of drugs:

• by the respiratory system;
• on the digestive system;
• introduction into muscle tissue;
• injection directly into the vein.

The inflammatory process is localized in various parts of the body, mucous membranes and internal organs, depending on the route of ingestion of the allergen.

Symptoms can be different:

• redness;
• the appearance of rashes and spots;
• erosive formations on the skin.

Diabetic foot

Separately, it must be said about the diabetic foot syndrome, since this is a fairly common phenomenon that threatens a person with amputation of limbs and even death. The syndrome means the development of purulent-destructive lesions of the feet. In patients with diabetes mellitus, the risk of developing gangrenous formations increases 15 times.

With the development of a diabetic foot, the following features are noted:

1. The feet stop feeling any pain. This fact is facilitated by the defeat of the nerve endings.
2. The patient does not feel any touch or changes in temperature.
3. The resulting wounds, even the smallest, are unable to heal.

Important. Dry skin with diabetes on the legs is already a proven fact. The constant rubbing of the skin of the feet and the pressure of the shoe contributes to its cracking and the formation of sores. To eliminate this factor, special attention should be paid to the hygiene of the lower extremities and to use moisturizers and oils.

Diabetic foot syndrome is manifested by:

• trophic ulcers;
• purulent wounds that become chronic;
• osteomyelitis of bones;
• phlegmon of the foot;
• gangrenous formations on the fingers, part of the foot, or even its entire area.

Diabetic foot is a rather serious complication of diabetes mellitus. The complexity of treatment is due to the fact that often patients turn to doctors already at that stage of the development of pathology, when it is possible to save lives only by amputation of a limb.

That is why it is important to understand that the prevention of skin diseases and timely access to medical care are an integral factor in a successful outcome and exclusion of possible disability.

Note that diabetics' foot hygiene is slightly different than that of ordinary healthy people. The main task is always the correction of blood glucose levels and the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism. It is possible to achieve positive dynamics in the course of diabetes only by joint efforts with doctors, an endocrinologist and a dermatologist.

A special method of foot skin care has been developed for diabetic patients. Almost all polyclinics have offices or even entire departments where they conduct interviews and observations of patients with diabetic foot.

Diagnostics

In some situations, people go to the doctor if they have any kind of dermatitis, and the diagnosis is made as a result of the diagnosis. First of all, a person is sent for a blood test to determine the glucose level. Otherwise, the diagnosis of skin pathologies is carried out in the same way as in ordinary people.

By external examination and instrumental diagnostic methods, the dermatologist determines the type of dermatosis. To determine the nature of secondary skin lesions, bacteriological tests are prescribed. Treatment is prescribed only on the basis of research results.

How is the treatment carried out?

The most basic stage in the treatment of any skin disease in diabetics is diet. It is proper nutrition that allows you to normalize the production of the hormone insulin, improve the condition of the skin and the whole body as a whole.

Depending on the type of dermatosis, the doctor attributes the use of ointments, gels, solutions, etc., which have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. In addition, diabetics should regularly use various moisturizing herbal creams and oils to soften and moisturize dry and chapped skin.

Important. The method of treatment is selected individually for each patient, depending on the type of dermatosis and its manifestations. The primary task is to correct blood sugar levels and restore carbohydrate metabolism, that is, to eliminate complications of diabetes.

Folk recipes

To exclude the appearance of possible skin problems, you can use traditional medicine recipes. But, it is worth pointing out that these funds will only help in the presence of mild forms of dermatosis and as their prevention, with the progression of diseases, treatment is carried out only strictly according to the recommendations and prescriptions of a doctor.

Simple recipes for traditional medicine:

1. The baths based on the decoction of the string and oak bark will improve the condition of the skin.
2. Diabetic dermatosis responds well to aloe vera treatment. This recipe is very simple, you need to cut off the lower leaves of the plant, rinse them and clean them of thorns. Apply with a soft skin to the focal areas.
3. Inflammation of the skin will remove the decoction of birch buds. The liquid must be rubbed into the inflamed areas of the skin.
4. To remove itching, lotions from a decoction of mint leaves, oak bark and St. John's wort will allow. To prepare the recipe, take 1 tablespoon of dry food and pour 1 glass of water. Boil over low heat for 5-7 minutes. Moisten a napkin with warm liquid and lay it to the inflamed skin area.
5. Grind in a blender 1 lemon along with the zest, after removing the seeds, and 100 grams of dry celery roots. Put the resulting mixture in a water bath and warm up for 1 hour. After the medicine has cooled down, transfer it to a glass container and refrigerate. Take orally on an empty stomach before meals. The duration of the course is 2 years or more.

Prevention

Before starting treatment for skin pathologies, it is necessary to normalize blood sugar levels and restore all metabolic processes in the body.

And as a preventive measure, diabetics should adhere to the following recommendations:

• use hygiene products with the necessary degree of Ph in order to prevent drying out of the skin and not cause allergies and irritation;
• the skin on the legs requires special attention, the areas between the fingers should be regularly moisturized with special creams and oils;
• to constantly lubricate keratinized skin with special cosmetic oil;
• carefully monitor the hygiene of the intimate area;
• it is preferable to wear clothes only made of natural fibers, which do not squeeze or rub anywhere;
• if sores or wounds form, disinfect and leave open;
• do not self-medicate, and if more serious skin lesions appear, consult a specialist.

A successful prognosis depends on how timely the treatment was started and on how effectively it was possible to restore metabolic processes in the body. The most important factor in the positive dynamics of recovery is adherence to the recommendations of the attending physician and careful skin care.

People with diabetes can sometimes suffer from blisters on their skin. These are known as diabetic blisters or diabetic bullae.

Blisters usually occur in people with uncontrolled diabetes. They are painless and usually heal on their own without the need for medical intervention.

This article looks at the causes and symptoms of diabetic blisters and lists several ways to treat and prevent them.

Causes

The exact cause of diabetic blisters is unknown, but several factors are thought to play a role in the development of blisters. Bubbles can result from:

• wearing shoes that don't fit properly
• decreased blood circulation
• fungal infection Candida albicans
• other injuries or irritations to the legs or arms

In addition, some people with diabetes are more at risk of developing diabetic bladders than others. Diabetics at risk of developing blisters:

• whose blood sugar levels are not controlled
• with sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) light
• men, as research shows that men are twice as likely as women to have diabetic blisters

Symptoms

Diabetic blisters most often appear in diabetics with uncontrolled diabetes over several years. In some cases, however, they can be the first sign of diabetes or even prediabetes.

The blisters usually appear on the legs, feet, and toes, as well as on the arms, hands, and fingers. They may be:

• irregular shape
• grouped or, less commonly, occur as a single lesion
• filled with clear liquid
• itchy

The skin around diabetic blisters usually looks normal. A person should see a doctor immediately if the skin is red or swollen.

Treatment

According to some studies, diabetic blisters heal on their own within 2-5 weeks. Therefore, treatment for diabetic bladders usually focuses on preventing infection. One of the main ways to do this is to avoid piercing the blisters.

If diabetic blisters are very large, persistent, or painful or irritating, they can be treated with:

• Salt compresses to relieve itching and irritation.
• Dressings to avoid tearing or scratching the bladder and surrounding skin.
• Topical antibiotics or steroids, although not usually needed, can be helpful in severe cases.

In addition to reducing the risk of infection, it is also recommended that you see a doctor or dermatologist to rule out more serious skin conditions that could affect people with diabetes. In some cases, a bladder biopsy may be required.

Prevention

People with diabetes should closely monitor their skin health to look for blisters and other skin lesions.

A diabetic can prevent diabetic blisters by:

• regularly and thoroughly examining your hands, feet and feet
• wearing shoes that fit properly and avoiding those that irritate or chafe the skin
• wearing socks and shoes to avoid foot injuries
• limiting UV exposure and sunscreen use outdoors
• consulting a doctor or podiatrist for immediate treatment of other foot problems

However, the most important step you can take to prevent diabetic bladder is to control your blood sugar. This is best done with the right medications and by making the necessary dietary and lifestyle changes.

When to see a doctor

People with diabetes who notice changes in their skin, including the formation of diabetic blisters, should consult a doctor.

Symptoms requiring surgical treatment include:

• swelling of the skin
• red or irritated skin around the lesion
• feeling of warmth around the bladder
• temperature

Diabetic blisters are rare and more common in people with uncontrolled diabetes. In most cases, the blisters are painless and heal on their own within a few weeks.

However, since there is a risk of secondary infection, it is necessary to see a doctor if diabetic blisters appear, especially if they are accompanied by other symptoms.

Some of the steps you can take to prevent diabetic blistering include regularly checking your skin and protecting it from injury and irritation.

Most importantly, diabetics need to control their blood sugar levels to avoid diabetic blisters and other complications.

In the human body, "sweet" disease develops due to a lack of insulin.

Its symptoms apply to all human systems.

Often, with diabetes, the skin also undergoes changes.

It loses moisture, elasticity, itches, spots and rashes. Untimely treatment of disorders provokes skin diseases. Therefore, we will try to figure out at what type and stage of diabetes the skin begins to peel off, what measures should be taken.

Letters from our readers

Theme: My grandmother's blood sugar returned to normal!

From whom: Christina ( [email protected])

To: Administration site

Christina
Moscow

My grandmother has been ill with diabetes for a long time (type 2), but recently complications have started to affect her legs and internal organs.

Due to metabolic disorders in cells, there is an accumulation of products of their incorrect decay. At the same time, the protective function of the body weakens, the epidermis becomes infected with diseases.

During normal functioning of the body, the skin is smooth, elastic, and with diabetes mellitus, it becomes flaccid, dry, has foci of peeling.

It is impossible to prevent changes in the skin with diseases of types 1 and 2. You can only mitigate the situation by following the recommendations of doctors.

Skin diseases in type 2 diabetes are associated with obesity. Usually bacteria, fungi hide and thrive in fat folds. For this reason, overweight people need to pay special attention to these places, additionally treat them with talcum powder.

If skin signs of the disease are found, you should rush to the examination.

First of all, doctors send for a blood test to confirm the disease, and then carry out a standard diagnosis of skin pathology. Analyzing the manifestations, the doctor determines the type of dermis disease.

Classification of dermatological pathologies

There are a huge number of skin diseases. Some arise before the "sweet" illness, others appear with it. Skin pathologies are divided into three groups.

Primary disease.

This includes all disorders that are caused by malfunctions in the metabolism.

Violations occur in small arteries, veins. Light brown spots of a round shape are formed on the body. They often affect the legs.

Such skin manifestations do not cause any discomfort, they can only itch a little. That is why many elderly people do not attach much importance to them, considering it a manifestation of old age.

Lipoid necrobiosis

In people with high sugar, this epidermal lesion is not common. Its occurrence is provoked by a failure in carbohydrate metabolism. It manifests itself in large spots below the knees. They are dark in color. After a while, a large plaque with a light brown center appears in their place. From time to time, ulcers form on it.

Plaques appear in the affected vessels of the legs, which close the lumen and prevent bleeding.

For this reason, changes in the skin with diabetes are inevitable. Wounds on it heal badly. Even minor injuries can turn into purulent ulcers. Also, the symptoms of the disease include painful sensations in the calves when walking.

Vitiligo

Vitiligo skin disease with type 1 disease develops closer to 20-30 years. In parallel with it, gastritis, pernicious anemia appears.

With diabetes, not only foci of inflammation appear on the skin, but also diabetic blisters.

They do not cause unpleasant sensations and disappear without treatment after 20 days.

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In this case, infections are dangerous. They can get into the wound and provoke suppuration.

The size of the blister reaches 5 cm. These skin problems appear due to the constant high pressure associated with diabetes mellitus.

Eruptive xanthomatosis

It manifests itself as a yellow rash with a red border. It occurs in people with high sugar and cholesterol levels. Affects the legs, buttocks and back.

Granuloma annular

This lesion of the dermis is in the form of an arc or ring. Localized on the feet, hands.

Papillary pigmentary dystrophy

These injuries are found in the groin, underarms and neck. This pathology often affects people with cellulite.

Itchy dermatoses

These are the harbingers of diabetes. With a mild and hidden form, the skin on the body is very itchy.

This is the name for a wound that does not heal for a long time. It often occurs on the foot near the big toe.

The causes of skin ulcers are flat feet, damage to nerve fibers and atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries.

Ulcers on the skin of the legs with diabetes mellitus can appear from wearing tight boots and shoes. Since the ulcer can grow rapidly, when it is found, it is worth rushing to the doctor.

Secondary disease

These are bacterial and fungal diseases that appear due to a decrease in the immune response. They are characterized by severe itching in the folds.

You can also see the following manifestations of diabetes mellitus on the skin: white bloom, cracks, rashes, ulcers. Bacterial infections express themselves with boils, erysipelas.

These skin manifestations appear after the use of drugs. But diabetics cannot do without them. You can see in the photo an allergy affecting the skin in diabetes mellitus.

Depending on the type of diabetes mellitus, the skin is affected in different ways. So with type 1, diabetic bullae, vitiligo, lichen planus are observed. In type 2 diabetes, the skin is affected by sclerotic changes, diabetic dermatopathy, acanthosis nigricans and xanthomas.

Dermatosis as a side effect of drugs

Introduced insulin can provoke manifestations of diabetes mellitus on the skin. After injection, redness, rash, itchy nodules are possible. Also, under the influence of drugs, toxidermia can develop. It is expressed in a rash, spots and erosive formations.

Often, when blood sugar rises, stains appear on the hands.

They usually affect the fingers. This comes from the constant measurement of glucose levels. Therefore, it is better to pierce them from the side, constantly changing the place. Dry skin on hands with diabetes will be softened by moisturizing creams.

Constantly high sugar levels damage the nerves and blood vessels. This leads to the fact that the color of the skin and its structure change.

In some places it becomes tough, in others, on the contrary, too tender. In more detail, this can be seen in the photo of the skin in diabetes.

Most often, spots on the skin affect patients with type 2. Their treatment is to normalize blood sugar levels. For severe cases and skin sores, oral steroids and ointments are used.

Skin diseases in diabetes mellitus are treated by diet. It is worth removing simple carbohydrates from the diet, controlling the consumption of fatty, fried foods.

Since diabetics' skin is dry and constantly cracked, this can lead to infection. To avoid the complications associated with this, doctors prescribe healing ointments.

It should be noted that any treatment of skin diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist.

If the infection reaches the deeper layers of the skin, it can lead to tissue necrosis or gangrene. In this case, surgical intervention is required.

Diabetes mellitus is a common disease manifested by disorders of carbohydrate, fluid, fat and protein metabolism. The development of diabetes is due to a lack of insulin production.

The result of an insulin imbalance is an increased glucose content in all body fluids.

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by a variety of symptoms, since this disease affects almost all internal systems of the body.

Important! Almost all patients have skin pathologies. Sometimes dry skin, itching of unclear etiology, often recurrent and difficult to treat infectious diseases and dermatoses are the first symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

Development reasons

Severe metabolic disorders that are inherent in diabetes mellitus lead to the appearance of pathological changes in most organs and systems, including the skin.

The reason for the development of skin diseases in diabetes is obvious. These are serious metabolic disorders and the accumulation of products of improperly proceeding metabolism in tissues. This leads to the appearance of disturbances in the dermis, sweat glands and epidermis. In addition, there is a decrease in local immunity, which leads to infection of the skin with pathogenic microorganisms.

With a severe course of the disease, the skin of patients undergoes general changes. It becomes rough, peeling appears as in the case, elasticity is lost.

Classification of skin manifestations

To date, about three dozen different dermatoses have been described in detail - skin diseases that develop as precursors of diabetes or against the background of the course of the disease.

1. Primary skin diseases. This group of dermatoses includes all skin diseases that are provoked by metabolic disorders.
2. Secondary diseases. This group includes infectious diseases of the skin (fungal, bacterial), which develop in patients with diabetes due to a decrease in general and local immune responses.
3. The third group should include skin diseases caused by the use of drugs aimed at treating the underlying disease.

Primary group

Primary dermatoses - diabetic dermopathy, it is characterized by changes in small blood vessels.

Diabetic dermopathy. Dermatosis is characterized by changes in small blood vessels that are triggered by metabolic disorders. The disease is manifested by the appearance of light brown spots, covered with scales of flaky skin. The spots are rounded and are usually localized on the skin of the legs.

Dermopathy does not cause any subjective sensations, and its manifestation is often taken by patients for the appearance of age spots on the skin. Special treatment for this dermatosis is not required.

They are often the harbingers of the development of diabetes. However, there is no direct connection between the severity of itching and the severity of metabolic disorders. On the contrary, it is not uncommon for patients with latent or mild diabetes to suffer more from persistent itching.

Secondary group

Diabetic patients often develop fungal dermatoses, especially candidiasis is a characteristic manifestation of diabetes. The disease begins with the appearance of severe itching of the skin in the skin folds. Then the characteristic symptoms of candidiasis appear - the appearance of a whitish plaque on the macerated skin, and later the formation and manifestations.

Bacterial skin infections in diabetes are no less common. It can be pyoderma, erysipelas, carbuncles, felon, phlegmon.
Most often, skin bacterial dermatoses are caused by streptococcal or staphylococcal flora.

Dermatoses caused by taking medications

Patients with diabetes are forced to take medications for life. Because of this, various allergic reactions can occur.

Diagnostic methods

For diagnosis, you need to take a blood test.

Patients who go to a dermatologist with various skin diseases, as a rule, are referred for tests, which include analysis for sugar. Often, it is after contacting a dermatologist about dermatosis that patients have diabetes mellitus.

Otherwise, the diagnosis of dermatoses in diabetes is carried out in the same way as for any skin diseases. External examination, instrumental and laboratory tests are performed. To determine the nature of secondary dermatoses, bacteriological tests are performed to identify infectious agents.

Treatment

Important! The treatment regimen for skin manifestations depends on the type of dermatosis. First of all, a therapy is selected, aimed at correcting metabolic processes, that is, at treating the cause of skin diseases - diabetes.

Primary diabetic dermatoses usually do not require special treatment. When the condition stabilizes, the symptoms of skin manifestations subside.

For the treatment of infectious dermatoses, specific therapy is used with the use of antibacterial or antifungal drugs.

Treatments with traditional medicine recipes

To reduce the likelihood of skin manifestations in diabetes, you can also use traditional medicine recipes:

1. You need to take 100 grams of celery root and one whole lemon with the peel. Grind in a bender (remove the lemon seeds), heat the mixture in a water bath for 1 hour. Then put in a glass jar and store in the refrigerator. Take a spoonful of the mixture in the morning before meals and water. The course of treatment should be long - at least 2 years.
2. To improve the condition of the skin, you can use baths with the addition of decoctions of oak bark or string.
3. Prepare a decoction of birch buds and wipe the inflamed skin for dermatoses caused by diabetes.
4. It helps to treat aloe dermatosis well. You just need to cut off the leaves and, removing the thorns and skin, apply to the locations of the rash or to the places of inflammation on the skin.
5. To relieve itchy skin, it is recommended to use lotions from a decoction made from mint leaves, St. John's wort and oak bark. The broth is prepared from 3 tablespoons of the mixture in a glass of water. Wipes are moistened with a ready-made warm broth and applied to the affected skin.

Forecast and prevention

The prognosis for dermatoses, provoked by diabetes, depends on how completely it will be possible to correct the patient's condition and restore metabolism.

Prevention of the development of skin dermatoses consists in the use of special skin care. It is necessary to use only the mildest detergents, preferably without fragrances, use moisturizers. For hardened skin of the feet, use a pumice stone or special files. You should not cut off the resulting calluses yourself or use folk remedies to burn them out.

It is necessary to choose clothes only from natural fabrics, change linen, stockings or socks daily. Clothes need to be sized so that nothing chafes and squeezes the skin.

When small wounds form, you need to immediately disinfect the skin, but do not cover the wounds with a plaster. If you have any skin rash, see a dermatologist.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that manifests itself as severe metabolic disorders. This has a negative effect on all internal organs and systems of the patient, causing the development of dangerous complications.

The health of the skin suffers especially strongly with this ailment, which leads to the development of such a serious disease as dermatitis. It develops as a consequence of a violation of carbohydrate metabolism and an increase in blood sugar levels, which contributes to the accumulation of harmful substances in all tissues of the body, including the skin.

These substances disrupt the natural structure of the skin, causing extensive changes in the dermis and epidermis of the skin, as well as affecting the hair follicles and sweat glands. In combination with polyneuropathy (damage to nerve endings), micro- and macroangiopathies (necrosis of peripheral vessels of the heart) and deterioration of the immune system, they cause severe skin diseases.

To prevent this, you need to know everything about what dermatitis is in diabetes mellitus, treatment of this disease and its prevention.

Types of dermatitis

It has long been established that dermatitis and diabetes mellitus are closely related. Often, the onset of dermatitis is the first sign of diabetes. In the early stages of diabetes, it can manifest as severe dry skin and persistent itching, as well as frequent relapses of skin diseases such as candidiasis and pyoderma.

The appearance of dermatitis in people already with diabetes may indicate a worsening of the course of the disease or improperly selected treatment. In this case, the patient's skin becomes very rough and inelastic, peels off strongly, and cracks and numerous calluses may form in the area of \u200b\u200bthe palms and feet.

Dermatitis often affects the scalp, causing severe hair loss. In addition, they affect the condition of the nails, causing them to deform and thicken.

Dermatitis in diabetes is divided into three main groups:

1. Primary. They are formed in connection with a violation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and disruption of the peripheral nervous and circulatory systems. These include diabetic dermatopathies, diabetic xanthomatosis, necrobiosis lipoidosis, and diabetic blisters.
2. Secondary. These types of dermatitis develop as a result of infection with a fungal or bacterial infection. Among them, candidiasis, pyoderma, boils, carbuncles and phlegmon are most common,
3. Allergic and side effects. These dermatitis manifests itself in the patient in the form of side effects or allergic reactions to drugs used to treat diabetes mellitus. so it might be exactly.

These are eczematous reactions, urticaria, toxidermia, post-injection lipodystrophy.

Symptoms

Sugar level

Neurodermatitis. This skin lesion can be observed in diabetic patients even in the very early stages of the disease. Neurodermatitis, or, as it is also called, atopic dermatitis, often becomes one of the first signs indicating an elevated blood sugar level, which often helps to identify diabetes that is occurring in a latent form.

With neurodermatitis, a person experiences severe itching, which is usually localized in the abdomen, groin, buttocks, thighs and elbows. At the same time, a person experiences the most intense itching at the very beginning of the disease. With the development of diabetes, it gradually goes away.

Diabetic erythema. The condition manifests itself as bright pink patches that mostly form on exposed skin areas such as the face, neck, and hands. Erythema most often affects middle-aged men (40 years and older) who have had diabetes for a relatively short time.

Erythematous spots, as a rule, have a fairly large size, rounded shape and well-defined borders. With this ailment, the patient usually does not experience pain or itching. In rare cases, patients may complain of a slight tingling sensation on the affected skin.

This skin disease is characterized by a short course, no more than 2-3 days. Then it goes away on its own without any special treatment.

Bacterial infections. Most often, patients with diabetes develop pyoderma, a purulent inflammation of the skin caused by pyococci, staphylococci and streptococci. It initially appears as a rash consisting of small pustular lesions.

With the development of the disease, the patient may experience more and more severe and deep skin lesions, such as folliculitis, hydradenitis, furunculosis and carbunculosis. Such conditions are extremely dangerous in diabetes mellitus and may even pose a danger to the patient's life.

Due to the high level of sugar in the blood, purulent inflammation in diabetics heals for a very long time and proceeds with general intoxication of the body. Bacterial lesions of the legs are especially dangerous, as they can lead to the loss of a limb.

Allergic reactions. Often, diabetic patients have various skin allergies, which are the body's reaction to various drugs, including insulin solutions. Diabetics can develop a wide variety of allergic diseases, but the most common combination of diseases is urticaria and diabetes mellitus.

Urticaria is a rash of blisters that can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Urticaria is characterized by severe redness of the skin and intense itching.

Urticaria in diabetes mellitus, the photo of which is presented in this article, can take a chronic course and develop over several weeks and even months.

Treatment

The mainstay of treatment for any dermatitis in diabetes mellitus is to lower blood sugar levels and keep them within normal limits. For this, it is very important for a diabetic patient to follow a special therapeutic diet, which involves the complete exclusion of all foods high in fats and carbohydrates from the diet.

After a few days of following such a diet, the patient will feel significant improvements: the intensity of the itching will subside, the area of \u200b\u200bthe rash will noticeably decrease, the skin will stop flaking and will again become healthier and more elastic. Sometimes it can be found in an intimate place, but this is a different nature of manifestations.

• Prednisolone;
• Dermozolone;
• Flucinar.

To combat urticaria, the patient should use antihistamines, which are available both in the form of ointments and tablets. The most effective anti-allergic agents are:

1. Claritin;
2. Zyrtek;
3. Semprek;
4. Telfast;
5. Erius.

It is necessary to treat pyoderma in diabetes in a comprehensive manner. With this disease, in no case should the affected area of \u200b\u200bthe skin be wetted, as this can worsen the inflammation.

At the same time, it is important to maintain personal hygiene and wash your hands with soap and water as often as possible. The body should also be kept clean and wiped daily with a damp sponge dipped in warm water. Healthy skin areas located around the lesion should be regularly treated with the following antiseptic solutions:

• 0.1% aqueous solution of potassium permanganate;
• 1 - 2% alcoholic solution of salicylic acid;
• 1 - 2% alcoholic solution of boric acid.

For the treatment of the most purulent inflammation, you can use such bactericidal agents as:

1. Fukortsin;
2. Methylene blue solution;
3. Brilliant green solution;
4. Chlorophyllipt alcohol solution.

In addition, for a local effect on the affected skin area, it is recommended to use the following antibacterial ointments:

• Hyoxysone;
• Lincomycin;
• Erythromycin;
• Ichthyol;
• Vishnevsky ointment.

Also for this purpose, you can use pastes with an antibacterial effect, namely lincomycin or erythromycin.

If local treatment of pyoderma did not give the desired result and the patient's condition began to deteriorate, antibiotic therapy should be intensified. For this, antibiotic drugs should be used, which can be taken both orally and in the form of intramuscular injections.

The best results in the treatment of purulent skin inflammations are given by drugs from the macrolide group, namely:

• Lincomycin;
• Cephalosporin.

To increase the body's resistance, the patient is recommended to start taking immunomodulators aimed specifically at combating pyococci, staphylococci and streptococci:

1. y-globulin;
2. Staphylococcal toxoid;
3. Antifagin.

For general strengthening of the body, you can use modern multivitamin preparations.

Several effective folk remedies for dermatitis are presented in the video in this article.