As the famous chess player from Armenia once said, the memory is exclusively a mysterious thing, as it allows him to remember the parties, played several decades ago, but to remember its phone number is completely unrealistic. And for scientists involved in memory features, it also has a mysterious mechanism. Some of its parameters, the characteristics managed to identify and explore, but even more information is still not available to us. Where is the memories stored? How to activate memory? How to adjust the memory storage? All these questions or have no answer, or the scientists are just starting to find. Especially for those who want to develop their memory, mnemonics was invented. Exercises that suggests this practice give opportunities for self-development, self-improvement.

How to improve memory?

As the scientist managed to learn, in memory mechanisms, a huge number of neurons, forming links with neighboring fabric sites, are involved. Stimulation of the nervous system cells allows you to save data in short-term memory, and frequent replay of stimulation strengthens the relationship between neurons and makes them stable. This allows data to move from short-term memory to the repository for a long time.

Exercises mnemotechnics involve the effect in touch in such a way that the data go from short-term memory into long-term. All those exercises on which the school program is built are designed for this: multiple repetition of one and the same allows you to make stronger neural connections. At the same time, it is well known that some of the data remember much easier, but the development of others is given with great difficulty. If some information is hardly deducted in memory, and it is necessary to memorize it, the use of mnemonics, actively used in marketing strategies, and in the dire use, and psychology come to the rescue.

Fundamental rules

As we managed to find out (and then to implement mnemonics in the exercises), it is best to assimilate the data at the beginning of the information block and its end. It is also easier to remember if a person himself gives itself a setting: "This is important!" As I managed to identify in the course of research, the tests better remembered the unfinished phrases (probably, the mechanisms of thinking responsible for curiosity are triggered here.

The more interesting information, it is easier to remember. An additional positive effect gives data repetition, preferably several times. Finally, the last rule is needed to remember in practice. The more information is useful for our daily life, the more effective it will be assisted by our brain and with a greater hunt to record them in a long-term storage. Effective exercises from mnemotechnics take into account all the indicated rules (or most of them).

Why do I need mnemotechnics?

Most often, such a question comes to a person who is peculiar to good memory of nature. Nevertheless, mnemotechnics can be useful in this case: for example, this method allows you to keep the information in the head to assimilate. You can quickly quickly create a associative series, thanks to which the brain encodes information and retains it, despite the difficulty for perception (for example, long numbers). To form an associative series, as can be seen from the exercises mnemotechnics for memory, it is possible, based on anything: touches, sounds or visual images.

Simple and effective techniques

One of the most efficient methods of mnemonics is called the "Palace of Memory", but it is only suitable for those who have a strong imagination, as well as people with pronounced creative potential, as you have to create a whole invented world around the object, information about which needs to be learned. But mnemotechnics in exercises for children involves the use of much simpler, but also effective techniques, from which in the first place is rhyme. With a school bench, she is known to memorize the number "PI": a special poem was written, allowing you to learn to take this complex digit to the 13th sign. Mnemotechnics In the exercises for school-age children, it recommends writing uncomplicated poems for any object that needs to be learned. The feed in the rhymed form allows you to simplify the memorization, and the repeated repetition of the poem transfers the data into the long-term storage of information in our brain.

It is through the poem that you can remember the verbs that are in our native language exceptions. They were invented in the poetic form of a meeting of words in which difficult strokes that are not all and not everyone. Through the memorization of the poem, the development of data is given much easier. You do not need to take ready-made exercises. You can easily compose your own poem - and it will be absorbed even better than prepared by someone.

Sounds and auxiliary objects

Quite often to mnemotechnics, exercises for the development of memory are resorted when studying the alphabet of Morse. Indeed, remember the right codes for all letters is very difficult. As a rule, the students of Morzyanka resort to the encoding of each of the symbols with sounds, simply speaking, spikes, mastering the alphabet. For example, for the designation of the first letter of the alphabet recorded by a sequence of a point and dash, "Ai-Daa" sing, and the second for himself is remembered as "Baa Te-Kut", since the letter "B" is encoded by a sequence of dash and three points .

Suitable all

The option described above is mnemotechnics for the development of adults. Exercises for children are usually simpler. For example, to understand how many days in a month, you just need to count on the knuckles. Surprisingly, this technique, invented much earlier than the word "mnemonics", fully satisfies the rules for the exercises of this methodology. To check how long a month, you just need to squeeze your hands in the fists and calculate the months around the knuckles. If it takes place on a bone - 31 days, if on the depression - 30. Another funny method that allows you to remember the moon growth process: if you put a finger to the month, you can understand, now the moon or grows. If the letter "P" is released, then the increase period.

Communication between objects

Particular attention in mnemotechnics is riveted to the interaction of objects with each other, to the possibility of creating a sequence from even, seemingly unrelated objects, sounds and phenomena. At the same time, a meaningful proposal is created, which is permanently stored in memory. A classic example from Russian grammar, which allows you to remember all the case in the correct sequence: "Ivan gave birth to the girl, ordered to drag the diaper." It would seem that this proposal would seem to be very small, but it is thanks to absurdity that it is easier to remember. Another good example is: "Every hunter wants to know where the Pheasant sits."

The same logic available from mnemotechnics can be used to remember the sequence of numbers (for example, telephone number). For encoding, use the same keyboard on which the number is recruited. For each digit there is a combination of characters recorded on the same key. You can simply remember some word that can be dialing through the desired keys, and this will save the phone number in memory.

Speed \u200b\u200band mnemotechnics

One of the important practical applications mnemotechnics is the ability to quickly read. The slower the person remembers the information obtained, they are slower than it, the slower reads. On the contrary, the one who can quickly remember the data received is also quickly able to read some text and assimilate the maximum information from it.

Training mnemotechnics requires effort and time. It is unlikely that it will be possible to achieve good results in less than six months, although it is possible to master the main ideas of the methodology can only be possible in a couple of days. It is important to diligently treat the task set in front of yourself and clearly realize, for what you need to train the brain.

Background Memory

Simple exercises from mnemotechnics make it possible to efficiently train the background memory. You can come to the rescue in my free time. You can invent small examples and count the result on them in the head, without resorting to the records. It is also necessary to try as possible to save the data in the head that caused at least some interest. If it is possible to do it even without the formation of an associative chain - this is a certain success. When reading a book, it is necessary to concentrate on saving several paragraphs in the memory at the same time - let's say, five at once. At first it will not be easy, but over time will give good results for memory.

If mnemotechnics are used to memorize poems, that is, one good advice that simplifies the memorization process: you need to repeat the information daily. That is, the best result gives prolonged memorization, stretched for weeks and even months. No need to rush, most importantly - quality. You can start with one quatrain, to which gradually add a few lines. In addition to direct order, it is also necessary to remember the opposite. This will give the best result - the poem will remain in memory for life.

Figures, words and science

Some scientists adhere to opinions that it is impossible to improve memory. In many ways, this is due to the fact that all the features of the mechanisms are unknown to this day, on the basis of which a person remembers, maintains information, applies it for his life. But the visibility of good memory can be created, if you use the possibilities of mnemonics. At the same time, it is known that a clear memorization for all is available in the number of seven objects (+/- two units). It applies to the proposals, and on words, and on the numbers. This amount of information is absorbed at a time, but each next approach gives an increase in the data score.

To memorize numbers, it is recommended to use an associative nearby. These exercises mnemotechnics are most useful for children. For example, the number "2" is similar in shape on the swan - here is the associative chain that allows you to put in my head to the correct writing. As soon as it is possible to remember a hundred images describing one hundred numbers, then it is already possible to choose any images from memory to describe the most different numbers, no matter how long they are.

I started to get involved in the mnemotechnics almost two years ago and managed to read quite a lot of books on this topic. And none of them gave me sufficient information about this science (except for one thing that a little later). And all for one reason: the authors wanted to earn as much money as possible. Usually the authors of such books hold special courses on which it really would be (I would like to believe) explain to people that such mnemonics and what is eaten with it, and do not pour water.

As a result, it turns out like this: many words, few really useful information. Basically - a set of words about what matery is a useful thing, calculations from scientific encyclopedia, showing the incredible possibilities of the human brain. This is completely unacceptable, in my opinion. All that I want is to try to explain the most accessible as possible to you, how can you actually learn the remembrance skill.

What is this method

All you need to know is that the method is based on creating images in your mind. You take the information you need to remember and turn it into an image through the association. A person has excellent associative memory, and mnemonics use this fully.

So, to learn how to memorize, you need to submit various items in your imagination.

Now just try to remember the list of products below, as you usually remember any information:

• toilet paper;
• toothbrush;
• soap;
• melted cheese;
• apples;
• lemon;
• butter;
• mayonnaise;
• salad;
• walnuts.

Usually people remember up to 7 products, but even if you remember everything, I'm sure, forget the entire list after 5 minutes.

Now I will try to explain to you how to remember the list so as not to forget it at least a couple of days.

The more unusual situation you create, the stronger it is crashed into your brain.

I repeat, the appearance of everything is the image. If you know how to create an image of the subject in your head, then you are already halfway to success. Just try to imagine how the toilet roll looks like. Then imagine a toothbrush and align with a roll of toilet paper, that is, pushing the roll to the roll through or put it on the roll. The bottom line is that the more unusual situation you create, the more so it is crashed into your brain. Let blood be blood from the roll, let him shout about help. But the main thing is to connect two images.

Do that J. e the most with soap and melted cheese, with apples and lemon. For example, the mouse runs to cheese and sculpts on a piece of soap, and the apple falls from the lemon branch. In principle, you can simply "pierce" one image to others, without inventing any situations.

The trick with a "singe" works almost always, this is a fact.

The image connection will take a lot of time, but it is normal. The result will amaze you - you remember the entire list. That's the whole mneanotechnics.

Very advise you to see the exercises from one book on mnemonics (it is the book that I mentioned at the beginning of the article). It is called "Memory. Training of memory and technology concentration ", its author - R. Geisselhart. There, too, a lot of unnecessary information, especially at the end, but the exercises are very helpful.

As soon as you do all the exercises, be prepared for creating your palace of memory (or the palace of the mind - to each of its own).

What is the memory palace

This is your warehouse of memorized images, "built" in the head. For example, the very list of products. After a couple of days, you will forget him, being even a supermannik. Our goal is to save this list for many years. It is for this that the palace of memory is created.

The method of creating a palace is similar to the Cicero method: imagine your home and each item is given any image. But there is one difference: you can create the palace, and therefore this room will be more convenient to memorize, as you can use completely any items.

The architecture of the palace can be completely any: from the Berls to Heavenly Castle (in my case the role of the palace plays a huge hall with a glass dome instead of the roof). The main thing is that you can be as comfortable in your palace. In it, fold any information that you need and which you want to save.

For example, take physics. Suppose you need to remember the formula q.= Cu.

First we transform information into the image. Let be q. - corn, Cu. - a bag. As a result, we got a bag in which corn lies.

Now put the image into the palace. To do this, create a regiment in our palace and call her "physics". For clarity next to the shelf, hang on a string of Einstein's head (toy!) Or any item that causes you associations with the word "physics". And then put a bag with corn on the shelf.

Everything is very simple!

You do not need to know how the brain works and how fast the charge is moving between neurons, in order to learn the memorization skill. You need to know only the memorization technique itself. I hope that I managed to understand quite clearly to explain the foundations of mnemonics and I will not be gladly glad if someone learns this method on this article. Thank you for your attention!

The main tool of our mind is the memory. Memory is the connection of the past with the present and future, the process of maintaining past experience, which gives it possible to reuse. In order for memory to make us in the most important moments of life, you need to constantly train it. Methods for the development and efficient use of memory There are many. Let us dwell on the most interesting one - mnemotechnics.

To begin with - parable. In Greece on the island of Heos, the Earthquake, the earthquake, falling asleep the house of rich and guests who saw with the owner in his big house happened. When people were excavated, it was difficult for their remains to determine who lies where. The only surviving person, the rhetoric teacher and the poet Simonide, shortly before the tragedy came out of the house, easily remembered who was sitting and who did what. So relatives identified the bodies of their loved ones, and Simonide became the founder of a new storage method - topological mnemonics, according to which it is enough to place it in a familiar space (for example, its own apartment) and as need to get it (find).

Simonid's teaching consisted of two important concepts - Association and Background.

Association is a mental connection between the two objects, the background is what you know well to the smallest details. Then in order to remember many facts, they need to be connected (associate) with what you know well.

The Simonidovo method widely used Cicero, who proved his speech, walking out of the room into the room. Speaking before the public, he was mentally the same way, collecting "scattered" on the way the facts and sayings.

Subsequently, the mnemonic for many years was forgotten. However, the increased amount of information and the need to memorize a lot and long revived interest in this area of \u200b\u200bpractical psychology.

Currently, a variety of rational memorization techniques have been created, but still the essence of their one - at first, the support row (background) is remembered, to which the association is selected.

We present several well-known mnemonic phrases or words. Of course, everything since childhood is well known phrase, asking the order of spectrum colors: "Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits." Or similar to it "How once Jacques Rocking the city broke the lantern". The initial letters of words in these proposals give the name of the colors: red, orange, yellow and so on.

According to a similar principle, the following phrase is organized: "One shaved Englishman tricks chewing like carrots." The same sequence gives an English version: "Oh Be a Fine Girl, Kiss Me", and this sequence is the classification of stars in astronomy from hot to cold - o, b, a, f, g, k, m.

The same principle lies in the use of the phrase "Ivan gave birth to the girl, ordered to drag the diaper" as a wonderful means to memorize the order of cases in Russian: nominative, pet, dative, accusative ...

Removing the same rule of type "Sea Wolf suffered a young jungle, absolutely tirieving the unfortunate teenager" It will be easier for you to remember the order of the planets: "Mercury-Venus-Earth-Mars-Jupiter Saturn-Uranne-Neptun-Pluto" ...

The nonsense is like "Artist Bima Circle give - his surname Sea-Ash" - gives the key to the location of Latin letters on a chessboard.

But key phrases can be built not only on the basis of the first letters in words. The phrases for memorizing numbers in which the number of letters in words correspond to a certain number is widely used. The phrase "Who is joking and soon wishes PI to find out the number already knows" taking into account the writing of words with the letter "yat" in pre-revolutionary writing allows you to remember the number of pi to the tenth digits: 3.1415926526, and in it each digit corresponds to the number of letters in the corresponding word. And the phrase "I'm Katya, I am a fool, but I found the root of two" - contains the question, and the answer. "What is the square root of 2 equal?" - You ask yourself a response and, counting letters in words, answer: "1,4142135624" with the corresponding rounding. You can check.

Multimotechnics are widely used (in the alphabet of Morse - Aunt Katya and I went on a slide) and even in Solfeggio, because there is no wonder quint the political interval, because the first words in the phrases of the "Union of Industible" and "Get up, curse the creek" - these are quintes .

Probably examples are enough. Now how to apply it in practice.

The most grandiose field of activity for the use of mnemonics is. In addition to learning reading, writing, a modern schoolboy receives a huge amount of information on other areas of human knowledge, history, geography, nerds, biology ... Remember everything is almost a traditional way, even an adult person who can already be analyzed and reflecting. The child needs to be prepared for adulthood in advance. And the sooner, the better. And mnemonics along with other traditional learning methods can be very useful.

Playing Cicero. Already a small child can be introduced with the basis of the Simonidovsky method - topological mnemotechnics. Based on almost any fairy tale "with the rolling" - that is, using some sequence. Well suited, for example, all familiar "repka". Pick up the "props" - repka, grandpa, grandmother and other actors from kids toys. Draw the corresponding pictures. Place items in the orders of their appearance in a fairy tale on the room or (if you think globally) in the apartment and tell the fairy tale using these remedies. I think that after several "rehearsals", removing the trained hooks, but associating them with the place where they were located, the method will be mastered.

An older child is a method for placing a simonide (it is also called the Loci method) conveniently use when you need to remember any sequence, for example, the location of the respiratory organs: the oral cavity, trachea, bronchi, lungs. "Tieding" this sequence to a well-known atmosphere, for example, to its room and "hanging" the mouth of the door to the door of the room, the trachea - "putting" on the table, bronchi - on the bed, and the lungs - "hanging" on the wall and mentally walking By room, we collect everything in the desired sequence. The five in the anatomy lesson is provided.

Young encrypters. Many people have difficulty memorizing numbers. The above was described how to memorize the numbers using a key phrase in which the number of letters in the word corresponds to the memorized digit. At the same time, a person with a good fantasy and a poetic gift phrase can come up with himself. All the rest can be recommended to look for the right phrases in favorite verses. For example, to remember the phone 156-96-47, you can use everyone well familiar:

I remember a wonderful moment,
In front of me appeared (you)

An example, of course, extended, but rather indicative.

You can come up with your letter code for any digit. The letters "s" and "o" obviously similar to the numbers "3" and "0". Everyone can come up with similar associations. Then any set of numbers turns into a set of letters that can be compared to any corresponding word. For example, having associated numbers "3", "8" and "0" with the letters "s", "in" and "o" and choosing the word "rolled", you get a "key" to memorize the date of the Kulikovsky battle, remembering the phrase " Kulikovo field is risen in corpses. "

Password review. As you know, the study of a foreign language begins with the study of ordinary words. But they are quite often hard to remember. I suggest you play the game "Password-Feedback", where "Password" is a studied foreign word, and the review is the found association in a native, well-known language. For example, the English "Apple" (apple) is quite consistent with the word "application, and from the" Applique "and" Apple "pair, you can make a phrase" I cut out the apple applique from paper. "And the Italian" Fagotto "(knot) is obvious" Fagot "- it is easy to remember the phrase" Bassoth tied up to the node. "

We invent a new language. What do you think is a priority? Or mumobone? This is not a phrase from the Tumba-Yumb language, this is a compressed to a minimum of information - the so-called agglutigram (gluing).

Why, having a good memory, are it difficult for us to remember the numbers, phone numbers and especially the dates? This is fixable. Material will help, about which will be discussed in our article.

Mnemotechnics - what is it?

Before talking about mnemonics a little. From Greek means "the art of memorization." This combination of methodologies and rules that are aimed at improving memory operation. They help organize the information coming to the brain, creating associative pictures.

Memming numbers and complex words occurs by turning them into certain colorful images, due to this, the information is firmly fixed in our consciousness. Mnemotechnics, it is nothing more than the implementation of mnemonics in practice. This is a set of techniques that help remember large amounts of information.

Movement can every age and at any age. For this you do not need to possess superpowers and special knowledge. Everything will depend on how much time you are ready to give it.

Types of mnemonics

Consider them:

1. Folk. Widespread mpm. This is not a specific memorization system, it is some techniques that are used unconsciously. Indirectly we were taught to apply them in kindergarten and school. Of course, their effectiveness is low, has no scientific justification and strict system.
2. Classic. It was still used in ancient times to memorize long spectacle speeches. A set of techniques of this direction is small. The best example of classical mnemotechnics will be the "Cicero" method, which will look at the following and "hanger".
3. Pedagogical. Unlike the classic does not use as a basis, due to which it became clear and affordable to most people. It is focused on the natural memorization through the enhanced experience of the material being studied. It is nothing but a multiple reading of texts, in other words, crawling, outline, handling book illustrations. The familiar learning process. In the XVI century, this mnemonary won over the classic. Methods of the first to date are applied in a modern education system.
4. Circus, or as it is also called "pop" mnemotechnics. Uses the principles of classical. A distinctive feature in a special encoding of information, which is encrypted everywhere in the facial expressions and in gestures, intonation of voice. The main thing is not even memorizing itself, but the transfer of code from the assistant to the performer in different ways. It turns out that only part of the means of mnemonics is used.
5. Sports. We are talking about the competitions of mnemonists. Compete on two criteria: memorization speeds and the amount of information memorized once.
6. Modern metering. It is supported by the presence of the theoretical base. Existing methods based on theory are being finalized and combined into a specific memorization system, which will be aimed at solving a task. Suppose there are sets of exercises to learn a foreign language. A visual example will be the Jordano method, which allows you to remember clear, accurate information.

So, we briefly reviewed the types of mpm, let's start discussing the following question.

How does it work?

So, mnemotechnics - that the memorization system. It is hard for us to keep the numbers in your head and reproduce numbers, numeric rows, words lists, and so on, rather than logical, associative and other links between these objects. It is about them easier to find information in memory. And if there are no connected threads, they must be created. What other techniques are working on and work.

How long can these encrypted objects be stored in our head? How much will need. The main thing is to periodically reproduce them.

Memory, like our body, requires constant must constantly work. The more it is loaded, the more efficient its performance. Mnemonica is also known from deep antiquity. The ancient Greeks noticed the direct relationship between memory with the senses. It was believed that the more emotions would be a person in the course of life, the brighter will be rejoiced. Therefore, performing exercises to memorize, it is necessary to connect flashes-associations.

Associations - the basis. Just learning to recreate the correct and strong images in the head, you can move on. Illogical and strange associations contribute to the best memorization.

And how to create an association?

There are several rules:

1. The resulting image will help recall the information.
2. The picture must be illogical, ridiculous and even meaningless. The more an extraordinary situation will arise in your head, the stronger it will be in consciousness. If you manage to create a mentally, the image of the subject is the floor of success.
3. Mnemotechnics for beginners will seem simple, if you learn how to recreate large, bright, with a detailed drawing image. It is desirable to connect all its senses to this process.
4. Let the Association be ridiculous, the first thing that could come to mind.
5. Imagine yourself. For greater memorization efficiency, bring the Association.

For example, you need to remember two words: "camel" and "sandbox". Imagine that they are playing in the sandbox, sculpt the culberry. And in the distance near the swing it is a camel, chews the barr. And then he sat down next to, putting huge legs to the sides to fit in a tiny sandbox. You look and think, why a camel here, I came to pick my son in the sandbox. What did he forget here? The camel unexpectedly jumped and disappeared behind the turn, and the child ran over a giant one.

Therefore, so that our memory has kept the information for a long time, the facts should be replaced with bright pictures. Meeting mnepsotechnics are very much, we will talk about some more details below, so, everyone has a number of features:

• Innovation. The essence is that it does not matter what kind of reception you choose and what complexity, the main thing is that the exercise was new, and, therefore, the benefits will be more. The goal is to exit the comfort zone.
• Difficulty level. It is necessary to choose such trainings that need to produce effort, to receive knowledge. For example, learn a new language.
• Interest without you will not leave. And yet, it is necessary to take assignments with the growing level of difficulty. It must be high, but not so much to reveal your inability.

The result can be achieved only by regular training. So, we briefly lit on the question of the fact that this is mnemotechnics, a little talked about the receptions, to which later back to come back. We'll figure it out how to learn mnemotechnics.

It doesn't matter whether it is matery for beginners, or you have already mastered some azami, you need to know to develop a memorization system, it needs to be used more often. Starting with simple tasks. If you need to learn how to memorize the numbers, start with phone numbers, credit cards. Invent the long numeric rows, say, password to the account, and put the protection, and the memory is accepted.

If you want to memorize non-informal information, you can use the book, just not fistic literature. Because, metering - what is it? This is a combination of methods and techniques to remember large amounts of information. And the novel, as you know, contains a plot with a logical sequence of related events. The presence of these links allows you to easily absorb the material. Let it be better to be physics, chemistry or geography.

And some of the advice on mnemotechnics for beginners:

1. Choosing a method. It is important to choose the most appropriate and corresponding to your type of thinking and perception system.
2. Selection of pictures and connections. Some sources provide unambiguous recommendations, for example, to submit such objects, and that they need to be done with them. But, each person has individuality and converts the received information into images based on personal experience using its associations. Therefore, you should not stop and despair, the recommendations provided can serve as starting points.
3. Reiteration. A good result can be achieved through numerous, regular workouts. They must be held every day or, at least three times a week. Acquired experience needs to be consolidated, bring the skill to automatism, so that at any time without difficulty it could be used. Repeat various phrases. Memory should be shown that the saved objects are relevant and important to you, take out the material from it, which was put there for a long time.
4. Calm. It is necessary to train in full silence. No, it can be done in the subway, but the main thing is that you can concentrate and abstract from the surrounding world. At the initial stage of mastering some method, do not allow to interfere in the process of uninfected emotions, anger, stress, and so on. First, it will be difficult to understand whether it is suitable for you, and secondly, in subsequent work, its use may be due to these associations, which will interfere with the memorization process.

Fascinating, most importantly, first to decide for what you need a developed memory: remember numbers (phone numbers, passwords), to study a foreign language or jurisprudence.

When studying methods of mnemonics for beginners, the main mistake becomes the illusion that after several training, many consider themselves professionals. At the right moment, the Association does not work. This is all because there are few practical skills to memorize information for a long time. It seems that the connection between the images turned out to be correct, but did not work. It takes a lot and persistently practicing, and methods mnemotechnics step by step will obey you.

And for what, in general, do I need mnemotechnics?

First, mnemotechnics - self-education. We not only learn to memorize large amounts of information, it improves the work of the brain, this is, secondly, thereby improving our memory. And thirdly, the continuous use of the technician will allow access to work and use:

1. Attention. As you know, memory and attention is closely interrelated. Tracking connections between the pictures, the replacement of objects by images trains attention and improves the concentration over the actions produced.
2. Creative thinking. Its development contributes to rapid analysis and decision making.
3. Ability to visualize. The ability to draw images and associative pictures to them is a unique opportunity that helps quickly memorize large amounts of information. And, in general, changes life for the better, you look at her with other eyes.
4. Imagination that mnemotechnics is well developing. You will notice how quickly you can find a solution, and your vision will be bright and non-standard, and the surrounding it will seem difficult.

In general, mnemotechnics contributes to the work of both hemispheres of the brain, the left is responsible for the logic, the right for imagination. Usually people use only one hemisphere, left. Because they use a logical approach to solving the problem, and connecting the right, the brain capabilities are used much wider, making the process of thinking more efficient.

Consider the main techniques

They can be practiced every day and absolutely everyone:

1. The basic "chain" method for memorizing a large number of items. He is simple. Recommended for beginners in mnemonics. Suppose we need to remember the list of products for purchase. What we do, present a bright look and glue it to mentally with another subject, the same movie, the same size. Then these images are associated in pairs. When the connection was formed, the first picture of the consciousness is removed, the transfer of attention to the second. After that, there is a connection between the second and third and so on. When the chain is remembered, several images emerge in consciousness.

For example, you need to buy chicken, eggs and millet. We present a chicken that raises eggs. Chickens hatched and start to peck millet. And so on, a whole tower of images is built. So you can remember until hundreds of items.

1. Reception "Matryoshka". Here the images are connected in pairs. The first picture of the Association is always greater and contains the second one. Here, as in the matrychka, one picture is placed in another, while the small element seems to be large and connected to a part of a large object. When they are connected, we translate into a smaller one, the other should disappear from consciousness. Then we mentally increase it and attach the third. Etc. Images are invested in each other. At the same time, only two images should be poured clearly.
2. Reception of "symbolization". It is used to memorize abstract concepts. Coding a certain image, you need to ask yourself a question, as you can imagine. Suppose the cold is associated with ice, summer with emerald grass, spring with a bouquet of tulips, and autumn with yellow maple leaves.

The difference between the intake of mneems from the cramp is that in the second case, the information is remembered after reading and repeating several times. Here, the memorization occurs immediately, and then, adhering to a certain algorithm, the information received must be repeated.

Now it is clear that matery for memory development is an effective method. Thanks to it, memory is not only improving, but also increases the speed of reading, and information is quickly absorbed.

What else there are mpm and ways of developing memory?

Let's talk about the "Cicero" method for memorizing text information. He was so named after the great historical figure, a philosopher, politics, an excellent lawyer, a magnificent speaker, who became an consul at sunset. Made a huge contribution to the development of European culture. He was declared the enemy of the state and executed, but the memory of him remained forever.

Mark Tully Cicero possessed a unique memory than was glorified, he was a wonderful speaker, and he said all his speeches, not spying into the sheet, reproduced the dates, numbers and many facts and names. He just used the receptions of mnemonics, which the ancient Greek poet Simonide was used in practice.

First decide how the method works

He has another name "Roman Room". The meaning is that the images are tied to a familiar atmosphere of the house, which occur in a certain sequence. Thanks to these associations, familiar interior items have easily reproduced in memory, to which, numbers, dates and names were tied. This method is popular in milestics from beginners.

Principle of operation

This method of mpm is very interesting. There are certain reference rules:

1. The interior of the room, the working office or the entire apartment is the matrix to which the associations of the objects that need to be remembered. It is important to stick to a specific sequence, for example, move clockwise or on the right side if you represent the way from home to work.
2. Fixing the matrix. You must walk mentally around the room several times to remember the clear arrangement of objects.
3. Binding information to certain matrix objects, for example, to the setting of a room or a cabinet.

There are some features that facilitate the memorization process on this method:

1. Images must be attached to subjects that are well lit.
2. The actual size of the object must be changed to the opposite, if the object is large, we present it small and vice versa.
3. A bunch of a familiar subject with a new way should be bright and dynamic. You can take advantage of the action or simply turn on the imaginary color coloring.

Let us give an example of the method "Cicero"

As a starting point, we will use the interior of the room: door, angle, window, mirror, sofa. The words you need to remember: an angel, rat, fire, old man, ax.

The association will look like this: I come to the door, and see the blinding, an angel. I open the door, and the corner runs a huge rat. I throw a look at the window, and it covered fire with flame. Then I see a mirror from which the old man looks at me. I come to the sofa, and I start to beat him with an ax.

Popular mpm for adults and not only. It can use everything, it is effective and easy to use. Roman Room will teach easily memorizing information and reproduce it at any time, no worse than the notorious speaker.

And in conclusion, I would like to note that it is necessary to approach everything. There are many literature with memorization methods, but in the books mix different, sometimes incompatible techniques. It turns out a boron cheese, in which any system is not traced. Another problem is the complete absence of theoretical substantiation of the methods used. Without theory, any practice will be ineffective. The terms "mnemotechnics" and "self-education" are identical, because, developing memory in many ways, we get a lot of new knowledge. And you need to improve constantly.

Anyone has to remember a certain number of accurate information. Memmones will allow you to better remember any needed information. Consider the main mnemotechnical techniques; Types of mnemonic information that understand why one species is remembered well (images), another worse (texts), and the third (accurate information) for many people is remembered worse than everything; And also practical exercises for training memory at work.

1. Who needs mnemonics?

• In life. Anyone has to remember a certain number of accurate information. We are accustomed to all this to record in electronic or notebooks. Teach yourself write the information you need into your brain. Then you will not depend on the batteries in the phone or tablet. You will not be able to lose information. It is very convenient - to remember everything you need. Sometimes to write in memory and find information there is much faster.
• Speakers. Without this, oratory does not make sense at all. Professional speakers are studying mnemotechnics, so their speeches are pouring so smoothly.
• Schoolchildren and students. Mnemotechnics will better remember the information. On the exams you will write off from your memory. It is much safer. In addition, if you want, the information can be saved in your memory for a long time. This may be required if you want to become a high-class specialist, a professional in your field. Mnemotechnics will significantly reduce the time of preparation for exams.
• Teachers. Mnemotechnics arose as part of oratory art. When the teacher looks into the abstract - it does not add to him respect. By remembering the material of the lecture, you will never have time to spend more time to prepare.
• Business people. Businessmen have an extensive circle of contacts. Thanks to mnemonics, you can better remember information about people with whom you support business relationships.
• To preserve health. All we do not use in the body, sooner or later atrophy. Imagine a person who slewed in the gypsum for a whole year. What happens to his muscles? They will become thin and weak. What happens to a person who does not use his memory? Memory will also begin to "die" as unnecessary. Considering matery equipment even for prevention, like physical education, you will save your memory in excellent shape to old years.

2. Receptions mnemotechnics

2.1. Reception "Chain". Images are associated in the Association in pairs. The dimensions of the images are approximately the same in each pair. When you formed a connection between the first and second way, the first image is removed from the consciousness by transferring attention to the second. After that, the relationship between the second and third way is formed, etc. When the chain of images is remembered, there are three to five images in consciousness. The chain of images comes out of memory, appears in consciousness and again disappears in memory. Always form connections on a specific system. If the Association is horizontal - the first image is placed on the left. If the Vertical Association is the first image below. If the images are penetrated when the connection is penetrated into each other - put the second image in the first. When remembering, read images in the same order.

2.2. Reception "Matryoshka". Images are connected in pairs. The first image of the association is always greater than the second and contains the second one. After connecting the first and second image, transfer your attention to the second image (the first must disappear from consciousness). Mentally increase the second image and create an association between the second and third images. Etc. Images are constantly inserted into each other. At the same time, only two images should always be clearly visible in the association.

The remember is carried out similarly. Imagine the first image and wait for the second one from the memory. Switch attention to the second, increasing it, and wait for the appearance of the third, etc. We pay your attention: this method of connecting images is very intense. It should be carefully worked out. The first image of a connected pair of images should be much larger than the second. With a mental increase in the first image, try to highlight the suites in it, to which then tie the second (small) image of the pair.

2.3. Admission of symbolization. The admission of symbolization is used to memorize abstract concepts that do not have a clear-shaped value. The same word can be differently coded in images with different people. But, as a rule, it is possible to use symbols for coding, well fixed in the consciousness of most people. Symbols surround us from all sides. Very many foreign words, names, terms, surnames, in their sound look like well-known words. These words are easy to imagine in the form of visual images, for example: the factor is the image of the "tractor"; Kami (Jap. Hair) - "Fireplace"; Kubi (Japace ") -" Cube "; Alaska - "Stroller"; Lelin (relative) - "Door". So far, you do not need to memorize the value of unfamiliar words, it is enough to fix them in memory of their exact pronunciation and sequence.

Translating road signs in meaning, we are engaged in metering. When the first grader examines the relationship between the icon "A" and the sound "A", he also deals with mnemotechnics. Olympic pictograms symbolize various sports; Everyone is familiar with the symbols of the world ("white pigeon"), death (Skull), slowness ("Turtle"), authorities ("crown") and many others. When encoding the word, this technique should ask yourself: "What a visual way I can designate it?"

Examples of encoding words in the image of symbolization intake: cold - "ice", heat - "Glooring", Eternity - "Pyramids", Infinity - "Mathematical Sign of Infinity", Winter - Snowflake, Spring - "Mimosa Bouquet", Summer - " Sun ", Autumn -" Yellow Maple Leaf ".

We can not imagine the summer at all. But we can present grass. This image is easy to remember.

Example: It is necessary to connect two images "Matreshka" - "Sigdition" and "bucket". Imagine a thermometer very large. Highlight the Mercut Column. To this firming, tie a mentally small bucket. As a result of such a connection, the image of the "bucket" is almost impaired if you represent a thermometer of ordinary sizes. The bucket appears in our imagination only after the conscious implementation of the thought operation "Increased images".

How not to forget about what will need to do after some time? Imagine that after 8 days you are going to go by train to hold parents. You want to not forget to buy chocolate. How do you need to do not to forget to do it?

You must create an association between some kind of action in which you have confidence that it will happen, and the purchase that you can forget.

In this example, you will definitely buy a train ticket. How do you associate the purchase of this ticket with the purchase of chocolate? Very simple: you must imagine that you are at the box office, where they sell tickets, and get a chocolate from the Kashira. You can imagine this scene instantly. It is good to see a mentally detail - a cashier that serves chocolate in the "Mount" window. When a week later you will come to the station and find yourself at a ticket office, you can be sure of: a large number of chocolate will appear before your mental look and make you remember about buying.

Another example: you need to not forget to take an electric latal on the road. Quickly imagine that you want to shave the hair on the suitcase. When you collect a suitcase on the road, this picture spontaneously arises in your mind.

At first, try to keep the desired picture in memory for 20-30 seconds. Later you will notice that you have much less time. It is preferable to choose pictures in motion. The greater the picture is striking with your comicness or exaggeration, the faster and easier, it will arise in your mind. Think about what you need to do tomorrow. Then try to link these things with some events (your usual actions) that will definitely happen tomorrow. Or try to associate the planned business with objects that you will definitely look tomorrow (your toothbrush, lace on the boot, the door of your office, etc.). Thus, you will create associations that spontaneously remind you tomorrow that in which sequence you have to do.

3. Types of mnemonic information

In mnemotechnics, all remembered information is conditionally divided into three types: figurative, speech (textual) and accurate. Spectatical images are perceived by a person who is perceived by humans, to speech - perceived oral speech and read texts. The accurate information includes information that does not make sense to memorize approximately, which should be memorized with 100% accuracy. These are telephone numbers, dates of historical events, addresses, terms and concepts, car numbers, ciphers and codes, surnames and names, other similar information. Consider each of these types of information and try to understand what they differ from each other why one species is remembered well (images), another worse (texts), and the third - accurate information - many people are very badly remembered if not to use special Technique.

3.1. Specified information. Our brain is "configured" to images, operates with images and remembers images automatically. Anyone can accurately remember the situation of its apartment, the road from home to work. It is enough to see the first cinema frames to make a conclusion, we watched this movie or not. The images (objects) of the world perceived by us have interconnections fixed by the brain without our conscious participation and well-persistent in memory.

3.2. Speech (text) information. Not any word perceived by a person is transformed into a brain into a visual representation. The recreation imagination draws in our representation of images, which in the language are denoted by noun. But in the language many words that are not transmitting images themselves, but a different relationship between them. Read the following statement and make sure that at this moment there will be in your imagination: "On a huge ... standing small ..." something is missing in this statement. The imagination creates a sense of void, inexpensive. Resting imagination is the process of spontaneous translation of perceived speech into visual representations with a spatial organization of images. This ensures the understanding of speech.

Words can be conventionally divided into two large groups: words transmitting specific visual images, and words that control these images in our imagination. Let's call them spatial operators. These are prepositions, service parts of speech, verbs and adjectives. For the same purpose, there are pelvic endings of words. Spatial operators aimed at the thinking mechanism are perceived by thinking and draw images through it in our imagination in accordance with the perceived text or speech.

Why is speech remembered worse than images? First, the speech contains much less words-images than in the world that is really perceived. Secondly, these images created by our brain based on words are not as powerful as images perceived through the visual analyzer. Therefore, in the perception of information on rumor or through the text, less interconnection is formed in the brain than when working, and these relationships are much weaker. The visual analyzer is a portion of the brain, the perceived image passes the "nervous way" from the retina of the eye to the primary (streaming) visual bark located in the field of the nape.

3.3. Accurate information. It is of particular interest for mpm. Exact information is fundamentally different from the shaped and speech (textual). If you consider a number of random numbers, we will not find any images or spatial operators in it. When you perceive the digital series in the imagination, images do not appear, and the hardware device turns out to be "off". The brain skips a numeric row through itself (as the running string moves around the screen) and nothing remembers. He simply does not respond to this kind of information. A person can only reproduce the last piece of information (5-9 digits) from the newly viewed numerical series.

It is precise information that creates a problem in the learning process and in everyday life. Inventive schoolchildren and students solve them with the help of crib. The teachers are trying not to ask their students what they themselves cannot remember. In other words, the inability to memorize the exact information on silent agreement has long been considered the norm. All learning programs are adjusted for students who do not know how to memorize exactly. If at school or university to conduct a survey on accurate information, the results will be deplorable.

4. We train memory at work

4.1. Exercise 1. At the beginning of the working day, ask yourself: "What should I (a) make today first and fore, in the second, third, etc.?" If you fail to fully respond to this question, mentally play the page of the diary or electronic calendar filled on this day. Try to remember all the details: the features of the abbreviations made by you, the order of entries, blots. Exercise can be modified as follows: At the end of the working day, you visually "take pictures" page filled out the next day.

4.2. Exercise 2. Break your working day for four equal gaps. In each of these gaps, try mentally "to photograph" any particular work situation or the face of one of your colleagues. It is necessary to do this as follows. When a certain situation occurs, in the workplace mentally, "put it into the framework, like the one that has photos. Hold the situation in the "Frame" within 3-5 seconds. After each of the four temporary gaps, reproduce the key situation again, and then all the events that occur during this time. The next day, to remember your tasks, it will be enough for you to reproduce yesterday's key situation. The "key" may also be a mental portrait of one of your colleagues.

4.3. Exercise 3. This is an exercise from the category of body-oriented. Recreate one of the most vibrant positively painted states experienced by you earlier: calm, inspiration, joy. Analyze all muscle components of these states. As a rule, they will be a pleasant sensation of the relaxation of the muscles of the face, neck and chest and the light tone of the abdominal muscles. However, these are common characteristics. Joy, calmness, inspiration have a large number of differences. Differences in the pose and rhythm of breathing are especially noticeable. All differences must also be identified. After you feel the details of each state, lock them. Entering one of the states, mentally "scroll" the information needed to memorize. In order to return to it subsequently, it is enough to recreate the initial state. At the very beginning of classes to train the memory, it is more expedient to use neutral information.

4.4. Exercise 4. On its desktop, arrange the items not in the usual order, and so that their location makes you subsequently pay active attention to them. Relate the position of each subject with a specific action that you must accomplish in the near future.

Ecatepina EVGENEVNA BACLEVA - Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the PoCian Academy of Natural Sciences

• Leadership and management